{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:43:32Z","timestamp":1793108612565,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Chest Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T21:31:31Z","timestamp":1774042291000},"page":"237-247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Global Variation in Pneumonia Epidemiology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Margherita S.","family":"Silani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Stainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Amati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Blasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Voza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Aliberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03672.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections--full version","volume":"17","author":"Woodhead","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00176-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"24","author":"Bender","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00510-2","article-title":"Age-sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990-2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"22","author":"Kyu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.02.007","article-title":"Burden of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in adults across Europe: a literature review","volume":"137","author":"Torres","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00259-0","article-title":"Pneumonia","volume":"7","author":"Torres","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"10459","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050","volume":"404","author":"Naghavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30470-3","article-title":"Pneumonia is a neglected problem: it is now time to act","volume":"7","author":"Aliberti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30310-4","article-title":"Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Troeger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.47.2001847","article-title":"Where has all the influenza gone? The impact of COVID-19 on the circulation of influenza and other respiratory viruses, Australia, march to September 2020","volume":"25","author":"Sullivan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib12","article-title":"Physical distancing interventions and incidence of coronavirus disease 2019: natural experiment in 149 countries","volume":"370","author":"Islam","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib13","first-page":"195","article-title":"The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on community respiratory virus activity","volume":"21","author":"Chow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38097","article-title":"Prognostic implications of aspiration pneumonia in patients with community acquired pneumonia: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Komiya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201709-728OC","article-title":"Variation in the diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia and association with hospital pneumonia outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Lindenauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254261","article-title":"Characteristics of aspiration pneumonia patients in acute care hospitals: a multicenter, retrospective survey in northern Japan","volume":"16","author":"Suzuki","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-022-10412-w","article-title":"Mortality from aspiration pneumonia: incidence, trends, and risk factors","volume":"37","author":"Gupte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.06.079","article-title":"Aspiration risk factors, microbiology, and empiric antibiotics for patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"159","author":"Marin-Corral","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix647","article-title":"Adults hospitalized with pneumonia in the United States: incidence, epidemiology, and mortality","volume":"65","author":"Ramirez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16327","article-title":"Older adults hospitalized for pneumonia in the United States: incidence, epidemiology, and outcomes","volume":"68","author":"Arnold","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2023.2261785","article-title":"Clinical, economic, and humanistic burden of community acquired pneumonia in Europe: a systematic literature review","volume":"22","author":"Tsoumani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"issue":"10053","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31460-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015","volume":"388","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2016.07.008","article-title":"Multimorbidity and mortality in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Nunes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00168811","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia in outpatients: aetiology and outcomes","volume":"40","author":"Cill\u00f3niz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.04.003","article-title":"Mortality differences among hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia in three world regions: results from the community-acquired pneumonia organization (CAPO) international cohort study","volume":"107","author":"Arnold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2018.50.4.287","article-title":"Disease burden and etiologic distribution of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: evolving epidemiology in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines","volume":"50","author":"Heo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2013.54.110","article-title":"Risk factors for severe acute lower respiratory infections in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Jackson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30408-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national estimates of pneumonia morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years between 2000 and 2015: a systematic analysis","volume":"7","author":"McAllister","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"10258","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Abbafati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500245","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. adults","volume":"373","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4806.20.06448-4","article-title":"Gender differences in community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"111","author":"Barbagelata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204282","article-title":"Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in adults in Europe: a literature review","volume":"68","author":"Torres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201512-848OC","article-title":"The impact of age and comorbidities on the mortality of patients of different age groups admitted with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"13","author":"Luna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1159\/000479089","article-title":"Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a systematic review of observational studies","volume":"94","author":"Almirall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib37","first-page":"35","article-title":"Characteristics and management of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of global aging","volume":"6","author":"Cill\u00f3niz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy723","article-title":"Prevalence and etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompromised patients","volume":"68","author":"Di Pasquale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.99.13234999","article-title":"Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a population-based case-control study","volume":"13","author":"Almirall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810000774","article-title":"Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"138","author":"Samokhvalov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00213211","article-title":"Effects of cigarette smoke condensate on pneumococcal biofilm formation and pneumolysin","volume":"41","author":"Mutepe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1714562","article-title":"Aspiration pneumonia. Longo DL","volume":"380","author":"Mandell","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw353","article-title":"Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of America and the American thoracic society","volume":"63","author":"Kalil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-0705-1","article-title":"Oral colonisation by antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria among long-term care facility residents: prevalence, risk factors, and molecular epidemiology","volume":"9","author":"Le","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.99.13354699","article-title":"The presence and sequence of endotracheal tube colonization in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation","volume":"13","author":"Feldman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib46","article-title":"The effect of Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on childhood pneumonia incidence, severe morbidity and mortality","volume":"39","author":"Theodoratou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.09.005","article-title":"The impact of 10-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on hospitalization for pneumonia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Alicino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.13.05002","article-title":"Systematic review on the impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ten valent (PCV10) or thirteen valent (PCV13) on all-cause, radiologically confirmed and severe pneumonia hospitalisation rates and pneumonia mortality in children 0-9 years old","volume":"13","author":"Reyburn","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1086\/503805","article-title":"Indirect effect of conjugate vaccine on adult carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae: an explanation of trends in invasive pneumococcal disease","volume":"193","author":"Hammitt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1086\/591966","article-title":"Indirect effect of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal colonization among unvaccinated household members","volume":"47","author":"Millar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7104a1","article-title":"Use of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among U.S. adults: updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices - united States, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12050732","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccines in adults","volume":"12","author":"Farrar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7305a1","article-title":"Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices - united States, 2024-25 influenza season","volume":"73","author":"Grohskopf","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep (Morb Mortal Wkly Rep)"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.08.082","article-title":"Seasonal influenza vaccine dose distribution in 195 countries (2004-2013): little progress in estimated global vaccination coverage","volume":"33","author":"Palache","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2021.100097","article-title":"Seasonal influenza vaccination policies in the 194 WHO member states: the evolution of global influenza pandemic preparedness and the challenge of sustaining equitable vaccine access","volume":"8","author":"Morales","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine X"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.04.043","article-title":"Barriers and activities to implementing or expanding influenza vaccination programs in low- and middle-income countries: a global survey","volume":"39","author":"Kraigsley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and Pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infection"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1581ST","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American thoracic society and infectious diseases society of America","volume":"200","author":"Metlay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Chest Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272523125001091?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272523125001091?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T15:36:05Z","timestamp":1779809765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272523125001091"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272523125001091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-5231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-5231","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Global Variation in Pneumonia Epidemiology","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Chest Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccm.2025.12.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}