{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T14:16:00Z","timestamp":1781360160280,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647475200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":320,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contemporary Clinical Trials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T01:55:13Z","timestamp":1615427713000},"page":"106354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Design of CLARO (Collaboration Leading to Addiction Treatment and Recovery from other Stresses): A randomized trial of collaborative care for opioid use disorder and co-occurring depression and\/or posttraumatic stress disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Lisa S.","family":"Meredith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam S.","family":"Komaromy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Cefalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Murray-Krezan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen Chan","family":"Osilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex R.","family":"Dopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Leamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Tarhuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Hindmarch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Jacobsohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0005","author":"Centers for Disease Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.566","article-title":"Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions","volume":"64","author":"Compton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.0584","article-title":"Prevalence, treatment, and unmet treatment needs of US adults with mental health and substance use disorders","volume":"36","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Aff."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0020","series-title":"The Economic Impact of Illicit Drug Use on American Society","author":"National Drug Intelligence Center","year":"2011"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.8.807","article-title":"Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","volume":"61","author":"Grant","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2011.00314.x","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and suicidality in inpatients with substance use disorders","volume":"31","author":"Dore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2014.910519","article-title":"Co-occurring prescription opioid use problems and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity","volume":"40","author":"Meier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.4.652","article-title":"Trauma, PTSD, and substance use disorders: findings from the Australian national survey of mental health and well-being","volume":"163","author":"Mills","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15m09963","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders among patients seeking treatment for co-occurring chronic pain and opioid use disorder","volume":"77","author":"Barry","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1508490","article-title":"Relationship between nonmedical prescription-opioid use and heroin use","volume":"374","author":"Compton","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.01.007","article-title":"Heroin use and heroin use risk behaviors among nonmedical users of prescription opioid pain relievers \u2013 United States, 2002-2004 and 2008-2010","volume":"132","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2013.867199","article-title":"Opiate dependence in schizophrenia: case presentation and literature review","volume":"10","author":"Kern","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dual Diagn."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e3182738655","article-title":"Prevalence of substance use and psychiatric disorders in a highly select chronic pain population","volume":"7","author":"Proctor","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Addict. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.234","article-title":"Association of mental health disorders with prescription opioids and high-risk opioid use in US veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan","volume":"307","author":"Seal","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2015.21.10.902","article-title":"Characteristics of high-cost patients diagnosed with opioid abuse","volume":"21","author":"Shei","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Manag. Care Special. Pharm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2017.1325033","article-title":"Trends in opioid use disorder diagnoses and medication treatment among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"13","author":"Shiner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dual Diagn."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.603","article-title":"Failure and delay in initial treatment contact after first onset of mental disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0090","author":"American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023233612022","article-title":"Impact of a primary care quality improvement intervention on use of psychotherapy for depression","volume":"5","author":"Jaycox","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ment. Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.12.030","article-title":"Co-occurring substance use and mental disorders among adults with opioid use disorder","volume":"197","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20147","article-title":"Dissemination of evidence-based mental health interventions: importance to the trauma field","volume":"19","author":"Katon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0110","first-page":"49","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care: a hidden diagnosis","volume":"65","author":"Lecrubier","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.07.001","article-title":"Injectable naltrexone, oral naltrexone, and buprenorphine utilization and discontinuation among individuals treated for opioid use disorder in a United States commercially insured population","volume":"85","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.12.006","article-title":"Behavioral health treatment utilization among individuals with co-occurring opioid use disorder and mental illness: evidence from a national survey","volume":"98","author":"Novak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.09.001","article-title":"Risk factors for discontinuation of buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorders in a multi-state sample of Medicaid enrollees","volume":"95","author":"Samples","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.10.935","article-title":"Two-year effects of quality improvement programs on medication management for depression","volume":"58","author":"Unutzer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0135","series-title":"Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions: Quality Chasm Series","article-title":"Appendix B, Constraints on sharing mental health and substance-use treatment information imposed by federal and state medical records privacy laws","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2006"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-014-9796-6","article-title":"Evaluating explicit and implicit stigma of mental illness in mental health professionals and medical students","volume":"51","author":"Kopera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Community Ment. Health J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2009.05.009","article-title":"Substance use treatment barriers for patients with frequent hospital admissions","volume":"38","author":"Raven","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000056","article-title":"Implicit and explicit stigma of mental illness: attitudes in an evidence-based practice","volume":"201","author":"Stull","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2016.1187240","article-title":"Attitudes, practices, and preparedness to care for patients with substance use disorder: results from a survey of general internists","volume":"37","author":"Wakeman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Subst. Abus."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108114","article-title":"Characteristics of effective collaborative care for treatment of depression: a systematic review and meta-regression of 74 randomised controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Coventry","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3967-9","article-title":"Closing the false divide: sustainable approaches to integrating mental health services into primary care","volume":"32","author":"Kroenke","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.11111616","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of collaborative chronic care models for mental health conditions across primary, specialty, and behavioral health care settings: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"169","author":"Woltmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3588-3","article-title":"Impact of collaborative care for underserved patients with PTSD in primary care: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Meredith","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-012-2166-6","article-title":"RESPECT-PTSD: Re-engineering systems for the primary care treatment of PTSD, a randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Schnurr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2019.1708085","article-title":"Outcomes of two quality improvement implementation interventions for depression services in adults with substance use problems","volume":"46","author":"Morton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.1.125","article-title":"Improving care for depression in patients with comorbid substance misuse","volume":"163","author":"Watkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1575","article-title":"Telemedicine-based collaborative care for posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"72","author":"Fortney","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.22.2836","article-title":"Collaborative care management of late-life depression in the primary care setting: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"288","author":"Un\u00fctzer","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.3947","article-title":"Collaborative care for opioid and alcohol use disorders in primary care: the SUMMIT randomized clinical trial","volume":"177","author":"Watkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.2.212","article-title":"Impact of disseminating quality improvement programs for depression in managed primary care: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"283","author":"Wells","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0215","series-title":"Pain in the Nation: The Drug, Alcohol and Suicide Crises and the Need for a National Resilience Strategy","author":"Trust for America's Health","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3182408812","article-title":"Effectiveness-implementation hybrid designs: combining elements of clinical effectiveness and implementation research to enhance public health impact","volume":"50","author":"Curran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.12.011","article-title":"A Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers","volume":"62","author":"Thorpe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.12.1624","article-title":"Practical clinical trials: Increasing the value of clinical research for decision making in clinical and health policy","volume":"290","author":"Tunis","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0245","author":"Kaiser"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0250","author":"United States Census Bureau"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-019-0167-z","article-title":"Electronic self-administered screening for substance use in adult primary care patients: Feasibility and acceptability of the tobacco, alcohol, prescription medication, and other substance use (myTAPS) screening tool","volume":"14","author":"Adam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict. Sci. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3703-5","article-title":"The primary care PTSD screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5): development and evaluation within a veteran primary care sample","volume":"31","author":"Prins","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.18.1737","article-title":"Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: The PHQ primary care study. Primary care evaluation of mental disorders. Patient health questionnaire","volume":"282","author":"Spitzer","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0280","series-title":"Psychotherapy in Later Life","first-page":"75","article-title":"Problem-solving therapy","author":"Renn","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0285","series-title":"Written Exposure Therapy for PTSD: A Brief Treatment Approach for Mental Health Professionals","author":"Sloan","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0290","author":"University of Washington, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Division of Population Health, AIMS Center"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.28.1.75","article-title":"Evidence on the chronic care model in the new millennium","volume":"28","author":"Coleman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Aff."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.2307\/3350391","article-title":"Organizing care for patients with chronic illness","volume":"74","author":"Wagner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Milbank Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0305","article-title":"Collaborative care for depression and anxiety problems","volume":"10","author":"Archer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0310","series-title":"Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Save Lives","year":"2019"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1402780","article-title":"Medication-assisted therapies--tackling the opioid-overdose epidemic","volume":"370","author":"Volkow","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0320","series-title":"WellRx Toolkit","author":"Page-Reeves","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0325","author":"University of Washington, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, AIMS Center"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0330","author":"Zero to Three"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201600471","article-title":"Enhanced primary care treatment of behavioral disorders with ECHO case-based learning","volume":"68","author":"Komaromy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05205-1","article-title":"ECHO Care: providing multidisciplinary specialty expertise to support the care of complex patients","volume":"35","author":"Komaromy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05206-0","article-title":"Novel intervention for high-need, high-cost medicaid patients: A Study of ECHO care","volume":"35","author":"Komaromy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1057\/s41271-017-0114-8","article-title":"Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO): A new model for community health worker training and support","volume":"39","author":"Komaromy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Public Health Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2015.1129388","article-title":"Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes): a new model for educating primary care providers about treatment of substance use disorders","volume":"37","author":"Komaromy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Subst. Abus."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2013.01.004","article-title":"Establishing the feasibility of measuring performance in use of addiction pharmacotherapy","volume":"45","author":"Thomas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0365","author":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services MIT"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059","article-title":"The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation","volume":"28","author":"Blevins","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0375","series-title":"National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2019 (Final CAI Specifications for Programming, English version)","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.008","article-title":"Item banks for substance use from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS(\u00ae)): severity of use and positive appeal of use","volume":"156","author":"Pilkonis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0385","series-title":"USAUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Adapted for Use in the United States: A Guide for Primary Care Practitioners","author":"Babor","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.03.018","article-title":"A pilot randomized clinical trial of an intervention to reduce overdose risk behaviors among emergency department patients at risk for prescription opioid overdose","volume":"163","author":"Bohnert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0395","author":"Open Society Foundations"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10111704","article-title":"The Columbia\u2013Suicide Severity Rating Scale: initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults","volume":"168","author":"Posner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0405","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0410","author":"National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0415","series-title":"Quality of Care for PTSD and Depression in the Military Health System: Final Report (RR-1542-OSD)","author":"Hepner","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-008-9418-2","article-title":"Updated U.S. population standard for the Veterans RAND 12-item Health Survey (VR-12)","volume":"18","author":"Selim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S210","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301398","article-title":"Universal screening for homelessness and risk for homelessness in the Veterans Health Administration","volume":"103","author":"Montgomery","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0430","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0435","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmy113","article-title":"Adaption and validation of the Working Alliance Inventory for General Practice: qualitative review and cross-sectional surveys","volume":"36","author":"Sturgiss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fam. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j1550","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1550","article-title":"Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"357","author":"Sordo","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200412000-00006","article-title":"Monitoring depression treatment outcomes with the patient health questionnaire-9","volume":"42","author":"L\u00f6we","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1037\/fsh0000315","article-title":"Moving effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder to primary care: a randomized controlled trial with active duty military","volume":"35","author":"Cigrang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fam. Syst. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020761","article-title":"A general approach to causal mediation analysis","volume":"15","author":"Imai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0465","first-page":"51","article-title":"Identification, inference and sensitivity analysis for causal mediation effects","author":"Imai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(94)00060-3","article-title":"PTSD substance abuse comorbidity and treatment utilization","volume":"20","author":"Brown","year":"1995","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"52","author":"Kessler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.56.8.940","article-title":"The costs and outcomes of treatment for opioid dependence associated with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"56","author":"Mills","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.06.037","article-title":"Treatment of depression in patients with opiate dependence","volume":"56","author":"Nunes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.11.1.34","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in substance abuse patients: relationship to 1-year posttreatment outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Ouimette","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0500","author":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022164","article-title":"Office-based treatment of opiate addiction with a sublingual-tablet formulation of buprenorphine and naloxone","volume":"349","author":"Fudala","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2111","article-title":"Now is the time to address substance use disorders in primary care","volume":"15","author":"Saitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Fam. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-120029870","article-title":"Barriers to enrollment in drug abuse treatment and suggestions for reducing them: opinions of drug injecting street outreach clients and other system stakeholders","volume":"30","author":"Appel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(93)90036-9","article-title":"Barriers to treatment: why alcohol and drug abusers delay or never seek treatment","volume":"18","author":"Cunningham","year":"1993","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0530","article-title":"Affordable Care Act will expand mental health and substance use disorder benefits and parity protections for 62 million Americans","author":"Beronio","year":"2013","journal-title":"ASPE Res. Brief"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2012.73.454","article-title":"Trends in alcohol- and drug-related emergency department and primary care visits: data from four U.S. national surveys (1995-2010)","volume":"73","author":"Cherpitel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0545","first-page":"25","article-title":"Screening for alcohol and drug use disorders among adults in primary care: a review","volume":"3","author":"Pilowsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Rehabil."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2010.01211.x","article-title":"Bringing psychotherapy to primary care: Innovations and challenges","volume":"17","author":"Alexander","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0555","series-title":"Issue brief: Community Health Centers: Recent Growth and the Role of the ACA","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.018","article-title":"Stigma among health professionals towards patients with substance use disorders and its consequences for healthcare delivery: systematic review","volume":"131","author":"Van Boekel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0565","series-title":"Milliman White Paper: Opioid Use Disorder in the United States: Diagnosed Prevalence by Payer, Age, Sex, and State","author":"Davenport","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0570","author":"Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.015","article-title":"Treatment utilization among persons with opioid use disorder in the United States","volume":"169","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12307","article-title":"Geographic distribution of providers with a DEA waiver to prescribe buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder: a 5-year update","volume":"35","author":"Andrilla","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Rural. Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-12-199712150-00008","article-title":"Collaborative management of chronic illness","volume":"127","author":"Von Korff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-009-0981-1","article-title":"Development and initial validation of the PEG, a three-item scale assessing pain intensity and interference","volume":"24","author":"Krebs","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(99)00025-2","article-title":"The Addiction Severity Index: a field study of internal consistency and validity","volume":"18","author":"Leonhard","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2190\/T8EM-C8YH-373N-1UWD","article-title":"Assessing psychiatric impairment in primary care with the Sheehan Disability Scale","volume":"27","author":"Leon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354_bb0605","author":"United States Department of Agriculture"}],"container-title":["Contemporary Clinical Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1551714421000902?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1551714421000902?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T08:52:19Z","timestamp":1761555139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1551714421000902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":115,"alternative-id":["S1551714421000902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-7144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-7144","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Design of CLARO (Collaboration Leading to Addiction Treatment and Recovery from other Stresses): A randomized trial of collaborative care for opioid use disorder and co-occurring depression and\/or posttraumatic stress disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Contemporary Clinical Trials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106354","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106354"}}