{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T04:34:19Z","timestamp":1778819659028,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"NIDA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21DA046084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21DA046084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contemporary Clinical Trials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T19:49:09Z","timestamp":1661975349000},"page":"106905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["PRescribing Interventions for Chronic pain using the Electronic health record (PRINCE): Study protocol"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"David M.","family":"Vock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah T.","family":"Neprash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra V.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brent A.","family":"Elert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Satin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Rothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Short","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pinar","family":"Karaca-Mandic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Markowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Genevieve B.","family":"Melton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ezra","family":"Golberstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.05.002","article-title":"Estimates of pain prevalence and severity in adults: United States, 2012","volume":"16","author":"Nahin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.07.002","article-title":"The prevalence of chronic pain in United States adults: results of an internet-based survey","volume":"11","author":"Johannes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0665","article-title":"Trends and patterns of geographic variation in opioid prescribing practices by state, United States, 2006-2017","volume":"2","author":"Schieber","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"50\u201351","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6450a3","article-title":"Increases in drug and opioid overdose deaths--United States, 2000\u20132014","volume":"64","author":"Rudd","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.1464","article-title":"CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain--United States, 2016","volume":"315","author":"Dowell","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6501e1","article-title":"CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain - United States, 2016","volume":"65","author":"Dowell","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.02.020","article-title":"Trends in opioid analgesic-prescribing rates by specialty, U.S., 2007-2012","volume":"49","author":"Levy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1734-5","article-title":"Adherence to clinical guidelines for opioid therapy for chronic pain in patients with substance use disorder","volume":"26","author":"Morasco","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-06402-z","article-title":"Abrupt discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy among medicare beneficiaries, 2012-2017","volume":"36","author":"Neprash","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12289","article-title":"Are physicians safely prescribing opioids for chronic noncancer pain? A systematic review of current evidence","volume":"16","author":"Tournebize","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Pract."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.2083","article-title":"Association of lowering default pill counts in electronic medical record systems with postoperative opioid prescribing","volume":"153","author":"Chiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.6544","article-title":"Association of default electronic medical record settings with health care professional patterns of opioid prescribing in emergency departments: a randomized quality improvement study","volume":"180","author":"Montoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-04985-w","article-title":"The association of EHR drug safety alerts and co-prescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines","volume":"34","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108137","article-title":"The state of the science in opioid policy research","volume":"214","author":"Schuler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.01316","article-title":"Provider compliance with Kentucky\u2019s prescription drug monitoring Program\u2019s mandate to query patient opioid history","volume":"40","author":"Carey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.04.003","article-title":"Who uses a prescription drug monitoring program and how? Insights from a statewide survey of Oregon clinicians","volume":"15","author":"Irvine","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2014.1085","article-title":"Most primary care physicians are aware of prescription drug monitoring programs, but many find the data difficult to access","volume":"34","author":"Rutkow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.07.013","article-title":"A survey of Physicians\u2019 perspectives on the New York state mandatory prescription monitoring program (ISTOP)","volume":"70","author":"Blum","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.9085","article-title":"Evaluation of prescription drug monitoring program integration with hospital electronic health records by US County-level opioid prescribing rates","volume":"3","author":"Holmgren","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e209085","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.9085","article-title":"Evaluation of prescription drug monitoring program integration with hospital electronic health records by US County-level opioid prescribing rates","volume":"3","author":"Holmgren","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002700","article-title":"The influence of time pressure on adherence to guidelines in primary care: an experimental study","volume":"3","author":"Tsiga","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691615598515","article-title":"Hale and Hearty policies: how psychological science can create and maintain healthy habits","volume":"10","author":"Rothman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/237946151600200109","article-title":"Healthy through habit: interventions for initiating and maintaining health behavior change","volume":"2","author":"Wood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Sci. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108973144","article-title":"Sludge audits","volume":"1-20","author":"Sunstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav. Public Pol."},{"issue":"9198","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05190-9","article-title":"Effects of influenza vaccination of health-care workers on mortality of elderly people in long-term care: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"355","author":"Carman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2015.05.150001","article-title":"Pragmatic cluster randomized trials using covariate constrained randomization: a method for practice-based research networks (PBRNs)","volume":"28","author":"Dickinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Board Fam. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa2034159","article-title":"Racial inequality in prescription opioid receipt - role of individual health systems","volume":"385","author":"Morden","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa427","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in the treatment of chronic pain","volume":"22","author":"Morales","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.06.014","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in the management of acute pain in US emergency departments: meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.10161","article-title":"Prescription drug monitoring program mandates and opioids dispensed following emergency department encounters for patients with sickle cell disease or cancer with bone metastasis","volume":"326","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780131308","article-title":"Interim analysis: the alpha spending function approach","volume":"13","author":"DeMets","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-017-4286-5","article-title":"Association between electronic medical record implementation of default opioid prescription quantities and prescribing behavior in two emergency departments","volume":"33","author":"Delgado","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.01407","article-title":"The effect of clinician feedback interventions on opioid prescribing","volume":"41","author":"Navathe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0275","article-title":"Effect of behavioral interventions on inappropriate antibiotic prescribing among primary care practices: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"315","author":"Meeker","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.0818","article-title":"Effect of an automated patient dashboard using active choice and peer comparison performance feedback to physicians on statin prescribing: the PRESCRIBE cluster randomized clinical trial","volume":"1","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.1867","article-title":"Effect of peer comparison letters for high-volume primary care prescribers of quetiapine in older and disabled adults: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"75","author":"Sacarny","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."}],"container-title":["Contemporary Clinical Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1551714422002312?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1551714422002312?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T08:58:11Z","timestamp":1761555491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1551714422002312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S1551714422002312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-7144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-7144","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"PRescribing Interventions for Chronic pain using the Electronic health record (PRINCE): Study protocol","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Contemporary Clinical Trials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106905","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106905"}}