{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T01:29:27Z","timestamp":1780104567163,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008582","name":"McGill University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008582","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008675","name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008675","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202010PJT-451289-MOV-CFAA-27593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202010PJT-451289-MOV-CFAA-27593"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contemporary Clinical Trials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T17:27:14Z","timestamp":1684862834000},"page":"107236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The use of enhanced intrinsic feedback for motor learning in stroke survivors: Clinical trial protocol"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"C.M.","family":"Rajda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.G.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.H.","family":"Boudrias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.S.","family":"Archambault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Berman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Wein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.F.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70150-4","article-title":"Motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Langhorne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968308328727","article-title":"What do motor \u201crecovery\u201d and \u201ccompensation\u201d mean in patients following stroke?","volume":"23","author":"Levin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0015","series-title":"Motor Control and Learning: A Behavioural Emphasis","author":"Schmidt","year":"1988"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0020","first-page":"350","article-title":"A critical time window for recovery extends beyond one-year post-stroke","volume":"122","author":"Ballester","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nerv. Syst. Pathophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.42.020191.001241","article-title":"Motor skill acquisition","volume":"42","author":"Newell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1080\/713756014","article-title":"The implicit benefit of learning without errors","volume":"54","author":"Maxwell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Exp. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.2016.1191418","article-title":"Reductive and emergent views on motor learning in rehabilitation practice","volume":"49","author":"van Dijk","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mot. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0040","series-title":"Motor Learning and Control: Concepts and Applications","author":"Magill","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1080\/713755993","article-title":"Surfing the implicit wave","volume":"54A","author":"Shea","year":"2001","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1080\/713756012","article-title":"The automaticity of complex motor skill learning as a function of attentional focus","volume":"54","author":"Wulf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203591","article-title":"Does implicit motor learning lead to greater automatization of motor skills compared to explicit motor learning? A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Kal","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-103643","article-title":"Explicit motor learning interventions are still relevant for ACL injury rehabilitation: do not put all your eggs in the implicit basket!","volume":"56","author":"Kal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2003.821035","article-title":"Robot-assisted adaptive training: custom force fields for teaching movement patterns","volume":"51","author":"Patton","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/25988","article-title":"Prism adaptation to a rightward optical deviation rehabilitates left hemispatial neglect","volume":"365","author":"Rosetti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0075","series-title":"2019 International Conference on Virtual Rehabilitation (ICVR)","first-page":"1","article-title":"A virtual reality-based training system for error-augmented treatment in patients with stroke","author":"Sror","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-0097-8","article-title":"Evaluation of robotic training forces that either enhance or reduce error in chronic hemiparetic stroke survivors","volume":"168","author":"Patton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0085","series-title":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Submitted","article-title":"Individualized error-augmented treatment for patients with stroke","author":"Agami","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0090","series-title":"Rehabilitation Science & Technology Update Conference","article-title":"Analysis of elbow joint-error augmentation treatment for patients with stroke","author":"Vered","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021691","article-title":"The striatum: where skills and habits meet","volume":"7","author":"Graybiel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.11.012","article-title":"Contributions of the basal ganglia and functionally related brain structures to motor learning","volume":"199","author":"Doyon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.01.015","article-title":"Stroke injury, cognitive impairment, and vascular dementia","volume":"1862","author":"Kalaria","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000217417.89347.63","article-title":"Feedback and cognition in arm motor skill reacquisition after stroke","volume":"37","author":"Cirstea","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00362.2017","article-title":"Spasticity may obscure motor learning ability after stroke","volume":"119","author":"Subramanian","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0120","first-page":"565","article-title":"Functional tuning of the nervous system with control of movement or maintenance of a steady posture II. Controllable parameters of the muscle","volume":"11","author":"Feldman","year":"1966","journal-title":"Biophysics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0125","series-title":"Challenging Conventional Theories in Behavioral Neuroscience","article-title":"Referent control of action and perception","author":"Feldman","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)02298-2","article-title":"Deficits in the coordination of agonist and antagonist muscles in stroke patients: implications for normal motor control","volume":"853","author":"Levin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0135","first-page":"1756","article-title":"Deficits in corticospinal control of stretch reflex thresholds in stroke \u2013 implications for motor impairment","volume":"123","author":"Piscitelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","article-title":"The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory","volume":"9","author":"Oldfield","year":"1971","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1080\/1357650X.2013.783045","article-title":"Edinburgh handedness inventory - short form: a revised version based on confirmatory factor analysis","volume":"19","author":"Veale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laterality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1310\/E9YD-7CAA-P7A0-G1J7","article-title":"A practical guide to applying the intention-to-treat principle to clinical trials in HIV infection","volume":"1","author":"Sabin","year":"2000","journal-title":"HIV Clin. Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.58","article-title":"Measuring physical impairment and disability with the Chedoke-McMaster stroke assessment","volume":"24","author":"Gowland","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197771331","article-title":"The post- stroke hemiplegic patient. 1. A method for evaluation of physical performance","volume":"7","author":"Fugl-Meyer","year":"1975","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.5.509","article-title":"Line bisection and unilateral visual neglect in patients with neurological impairment","volume":"30","author":"Schenkenberg","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","article-title":"Beck depression inventory (BDI)","volume":"4","author":"Beck","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(88)90049-9","article-title":"Randomization in clinical trials: conclusions and recommendations","volume":"9","author":"Lachin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Control. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1992.72.1.33","article-title":"Human neuronal control of automatic functional movements: interaction between central programs and afferent input","volume":"72","author":"Dietz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.3200\/JMBR.36.2.212-224","article-title":"Challenge point: a framework for conceptualizing the effects of various practice conditions in motor learning","volume":"36","author":"Guadagnoli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Mot. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1037\/h0055392","article-title":"The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement","volume":"47","author":"Fitts","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/oti.275","article-title":"Task-specific training: evidence for and translation to clinical practice","volume":"16","author":"Hubbard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Occup. Ther. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0200","series-title":"Poster Presented at: 4e congr\u00e8s qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois de recherche en adaptation-r\u00e9adaptation; May 24\u201327, 2022; Sherbrooke, QC, Canada","article-title":"Conscious perception of error augmentation for stroke rehabilitation","author":"Jahromi","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-001-0976-6","article-title":"Use of the trunk for reaching targets placed within and beyond the reach in adult hemiparesis","volume":"143","author":"Levin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280902823664","article-title":"Arm and hand skills: training preferences after stroke","volume":"31","author":"Timmermans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1123\/mcj.1.1.72","article-title":"Reaching and grasping strategies in hemiparetic patients","volume":"1","author":"Roby-Brami","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mot. Control."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.07.215","article-title":"Spasticity measurement based on tonic stretch reflex threshold in stroke using a portable device","volume":"119","author":"Calota","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050716","article-title":"Recruitment and sequencing of different degrees of freedom during pointing movements involving the trunk in healthy and hemiparetic subjects","volume":"126","author":"Archambault","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0230","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychometric properties of a new measure of upper limb performance in post-stroke individuals: trunk-based index of performance","volume":"00","author":"Piscitelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.2.206","article-title":"Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity","volume":"67","author":"Bohannon","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310381249","article-title":"Assessing the streamlined wolf motor function test as an outcome measure for stroke rehabilitation","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0245","first-page":"347","article-title":"Technique to improve chronic motor deficit after stroke","volume":"74","author":"Taub","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(03)00035-2","article-title":"Rasch analysis of a new stroke-specific outcome scale: the stroke impact scale","volume":"84","author":"Duncan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0260","series-title":"Motor-Free Visual Perception Test","author":"Colarusso","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0265","first-page":"11","article-title":"Partington\u2019s pathway test","volume":"1","author":"Partington","year":"1949","journal-title":"Psychol. Serv. Cent. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4611","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00588-0","article-title":"Generic acquisition protocol for quantitative MRI of the spinal cord","volume":"16","author":"Cohen-Adad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000098","article-title":"Guidelines for adult stroke rehabilitation and recovery: a guideline for healthcare professions from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"47","author":"Winstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["Contemporary Clinical Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1551714423001593?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1551714423001593?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T08:59:51Z","timestamp":1761555591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1551714423001593"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S1551714423001593"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-7144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-7144","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The use of enhanced intrinsic feedback for motor learning in stroke survivors: Clinical trial protocol","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Contemporary Clinical Trials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107236","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107236"}}