{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:27:30Z","timestamp":1791228450437,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dental Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]],"date-time":"2013-08-13T00:30:28Z","timestamp":1376353828000},"page":"597-610","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Pemphigus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Frank A.","family":"Santoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric T.","family":"Stoopler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria P.","family":"Werth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199012203232503","article-title":"Paraneoplastic pemphgus. An autoimmune mucocutaneous disease associated with neoplasia","volume":"323","author":"Anhalt","year":"1990","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197404)33:4<1091::AID-CNCR2820330430>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Pemphigus vulgaris and internal malignancy","volume":"33","author":"Krain","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(80)90378-3","article-title":"Association of oral pemphigus with chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"50","author":"Laskaris","year":"1980","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6407.1761","article-title":"Pemphigus associated with giant lymph node hyperplasia","volume":"287","author":"Redon","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70235-8","article-title":"Epidermal autoantibodies in erythema multiforme","volume":"21","author":"Matsuoka","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1159\/000250820","article-title":"Severe erosive stomatitis and giant cell lymph node hyperplasia of retroperitoneum (Castleman\u2019s tumor)","volume":"157","author":"Tagami","year":"1978","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1087-0024.2004.00832.x","article-title":"Paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"9","author":"Anhalt","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.122.2.409","article-title":"Pemphigus vulgaris antigen, a desmoglein type of cadherin, is located within keratinocyte desmosomes","volume":"122","author":"Karpati","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70183-0","article-title":"The clinical phenotype of pemphigus is defined by the anti-desmoglein autoantibody profile","volume":"40","author":"Amagai","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00085.x","article-title":"Lack of mucosal involvement in pemphigus foliaceus may be due to low expression of desmoglein 1","volume":"110","author":"Shirakata","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2011.03.016","article-title":"A\u00a0globally available internet-based patient survey of pemphigus vulgaris: epidemiology and disease characteristics","volume":"29","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.46","article-title":"Population-specific association between a polymorphic variant in ST18, encoding a pro-apoptotic molecule, and pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"132","author":"Sarig","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2008.06.008","article-title":"Pemphigus vulgaris and paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"20","author":"Edgin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2007.07.205","article-title":"Oral mucosal disease: pemphigus","volume":"46","author":"Scully","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib15","first-page":"344","article-title":"Surgical considerations and management of patients with mucocutaneous disorders","volume":"31","author":"Toscano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03178.x","article-title":"Pemphigus associated with nail dystrophy","volume":"129","author":"Berker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1159\/000069955","article-title":"Nail destruction in pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"206","author":"Kolivras","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2004.08.002","article-title":"Pemphigus","volume":"49","author":"Ettlin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.04.039","article-title":"A systematic review of randomized controlled trials for pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus","volume":"64","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.72","article-title":"Reliability and convergent validity of two outcome instruments for pemphigus","volume":"129","author":"Rosenbach","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.01.012","article-title":"Consensus statement on definitions of disease, end points, and therapeutic response for pemphigus","volume":"58","author":"Murrell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90066-7","article-title":"Accuracy of indirect immunofluorescence testing in the diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"32","author":"Helou","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.117518","article-title":"Immunofluorescence in dermatology","volume":"45","author":"Mutasim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04428.x","article-title":"Correlation of antibodies against desmogleins 1 and 3 with indirect immunofluorescence and disease status in a Greek population with pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"27","author":"Avgerinou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02541.x","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of anti-desmoglein antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence in the serodiagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"44","author":"Zagorodniuk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2008.02715.x","article-title":"Anti-desmoglein IgG autoantibodies in patients with pemphigus in remission","volume":"22","author":"Kwon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04132.x","article-title":"The severity of cutaneous and oral pemphigus is related to desmoglein 1 and 3 antibody levels","volume":"144","author":"Harman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04272.x","article-title":"Paraneoplastic pemphigus: the role of tumours and drugs","volume":"144","author":"Anhalt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.04868.x","article-title":"Paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome: 20 years after","volume":"50","author":"Czernik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2008.01445.x","article-title":"Periodontal status in patients with pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"14","author":"Akman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib31","first-page":"449","article-title":"Pemphigus vulgaris: effects on periodontal health","volume":"52","author":"Thorat","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)03007-X","article-title":"Pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid","volume":"354","author":"Nousari","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib33","first-page":"667","article-title":"Pemphigus vulgaris: a case-based study","volume":"71","author":"Ben Lagha","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib34","first-page":"142","article-title":"Topical tacrolimus: a novel therapeutic intervention for recalcitrant labial pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"13","author":"Hodgson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.1522","article-title":"Adjuvant rituximab therapy of pemphigus: a single center experience with 31 patients","volume":"148","author":"Lunardon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0394-0","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: pathophysiology and therapy","volume":"18","author":"Canalis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2012.01433.x","article-title":"Pemphigus vulgaris treated with adalimumab: case study","volume":"25","author":"Voj\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10732.x","article-title":"Combined treatment with immunoadsorption and rituximab leads to fast and prolonged clinical remission in difficult-to-treat pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"166","author":"Behzad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04698.x","article-title":"Longterm clinical remission of oral and cutaneous pemphigus with thalidomide","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.11.22","article-title":"Relevance of rituximab therapy in pemphigus vulgaris: analysis of current data and the immunologic basis for its observed responses","volume":"7","author":"Feldman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["Dental Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0011853213000505?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0011853213000505?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,14]],"date-time":"2018-10-14T01:50:51Z","timestamp":1539481851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0011853213000505"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0011853213000505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-8532"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-8532","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}}}