{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T20:01:50Z","timestamp":1773777710593,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1169033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1169033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdn.nutrition.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Developments in Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T22:25:45Z","timestamp":1677104745000},"page":"100053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Effects of One Egg Per Day on Vitamin A Status Among Young Malawian Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7399-8826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. Rochelle","family":"Werner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjorie J.","family":"Haskell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles D.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bess L.","family":"Caswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lora L.","family":"Iannotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chessa K.","family":"Lutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth M.","family":"Maleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine P.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816S","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.229708","article-title":"Biomarkers of nutrition for development (BOND)-vitamin A review","volume":"146","author":"Tanumihardjo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib2","series-title":"Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995-2005","year":"2009"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e528","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00039-X","article-title":"Trends and mortality effects of vitamin A deficiency in children in 138 low-income and middle-income countries between 1991 and 2013: a pooled analysis of population-based surveys","volume":"3","author":"Stevens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030190","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation programs and country-level evidence of vitamin A deficiency","volume":"9","author":"Wirth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13972","article-title":"Provision of micronutrients in coexisting public health programs and risk of excessive intake: regulatory considerations","volume":"1446","author":"Mejia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib6","series-title":"Malawi micronutrient survey 2015-2016 [Internet]","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab004","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency has declined in Malawi, but with evidence of elevated vitamin A in children","volume":"113","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib8","series-title":"Guiding principles for complementary feeding of the breastfed child","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib9","series-title":"Complementary feeding of young children in developing countries: a review of current scientific knowledge [Internet]","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib10","series-title":"Malawi demographic and health survey 2015-16","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa439","article-title":"Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements do not affect plasma or milk retinol concentrations among Malawian mothers, or plasma retinol concentrations among young Malawian or Ghanaian children in two randomized trials","volume":"151","author":"Haskell","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.5.1206","article-title":"Multiple micronutrients in pregnancy and lactation: an overview","volume":"81","author":"Allen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980012000560","article-title":"The use and interpretation of serum retinol distributions in evaluating the public health impact of vitamin A programmes","volume":"15","author":"Palmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib14","series-title":"[Internet] USDA national nutrient database for standard reference","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13196","article-title":"Impacts of an egg intervention on nutrient adequacy among young Malawian children","volume":"17","author":"Caswell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz163","article-title":"The effect of eggs on early child growth in rural Malawi: the Mazira Project randomized controlled trial","volume":"110","author":"Stewart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02378.x","article-title":"WHO child growth standards based on length\/height, weight and age","volume":"95","author":"Onis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib18","series-title":"Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for measurement of household food access: indicator guide","author":"Coates","year":"2007"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/32.10.2143","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of \u03b1-tocopherol and retinol in plasma or red cells by high pressure liquid chromatography","volume":"32","author":"Bieri","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.11.3127","article-title":"Combined measurement of ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, retinol binding protein, and C-reactive protein by an inexpensive, sensitive, and simple sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique","volume":"134","author":"Erhardt","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib21","series-title":"StataCorp, Stata Statistical Software","year":"2017"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.142273","article-title":"Methodologic approach for the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project","volume":"106","author":"Namaste","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.142166","article-title":"Adjusting retinol-binding protein concentrations for inflammation: Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project","volume":"106","author":"Larson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib24","series-title":"Serum retinol concentrations for determining the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations [Internet]","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12298","article-title":"Accounting for the influence of inflammation on retinol-binding protein in a population survey of Liberian preschool-age children","volume":"13","author":"Larson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0130","article-title":"Comparability of inflammation-adjusted vitamin A deficiency estimates and variance in retinol explained by C-reactive protein and \u03b11-acid glycoprotein during low and high malaria transmission seasons in rural Zambian children","volume":"98","author":"Barffour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13055","article-title":"Impacts of an egg complementary feeding trial on energy intake and dietary diversity in Malawi","volume":"17","author":"Lutter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib28","first-page":"21","article-title":"Maternal micronutrient malnutrition: effects on breast milk and infant nutrition, and priorities for intervention","volume":"11","author":"Allen","year":"1994","journal-title":"SCN News"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018745812512","article-title":"Maternal vitamin A nutriture and the vitamin A content of human milk","volume":"4","author":"Haskell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.4.1279","article-title":"Vitamin A intake affects the contribution of chylomicrons vs. retinol-binding protein to milk vitamin A in lactating rats","volume":"131","author":"Green","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030849","article-title":"Re-defining the population-specific cut-off mark for vitamin A deficiency in pre-school children of Malawi","volume":"13","author":"Likoswe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.088617","article-title":"The impact of lipid-based nutrient supplement provision to pregnant women on newborn size in rural Malawi: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"101","author":"Ashorn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.160515","article-title":"Eggs early in complementary feeding increase choline pathway biomarkers and DHA: a randomized controlled trial in Ecuador","volume":"106","author":"Iannotti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"Supp 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib34","first-page":"nzz047","article-title":"Comparison of the nutrient content of eggs from commercial and village chickens in rural Malawi (P03-009-19)","volume":"3","author":"Werner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.132571","article-title":"Provitamin A\u2013biofortified maize increases serum \u03b2-carotene, but not retinol, in marginally nourished children: a cluster-randomized trial in rural Zambia","volume":"104","author":"Palmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzac094","article-title":"The effects of 1 egg per day on iron and anemia status among young Malawian children: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Werner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Nutr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa088","article-title":"Early child development outcomes of a randomized trial providing 1 egg per day to children age 6 to 15 months in Malawi","volume":"150","author":"Prado","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzab150","article-title":"Plasma choline concentration was not increased after a 6-month egg intervention in 6-9-month-old Malawian children: results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Bragg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Current Developments in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2475299123162263?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2475299123162263?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T12:42:32Z","timestamp":1762864952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2475299123162263"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2475299123162263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053","relation":{},"ISSN":["2475-2991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2475-2991","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Effects of One Egg Per Day on Vitamin A Status Among Young Malawian Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Developments in Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100053","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100053"}}