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Use rate of antithrombotics and reasons for not using DE were extracted during follow\u2010up. Patients' baseline characteristics, recurrent ischemic stroke\/TIA events and bleeding complications were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>From April 2012 to August 2014, 110 inpatients with NVAF\u2010associated stroke were studied in our hospital. NVAF was diagnosed by 12\u2010lead electrocardiogram, 24\u00a0h Holter and echocardiography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Before introduction of DE (April 2013), use rates of warfarin and antiplatelets were 28.9% (11\/38) and 60.5% (23\/38) respectively; after that, use rates of warfarin, DE, and antiplatelets were 20.8% (15\/72), 12.5% (9\/72), and 43.1% (31\/72). The DE did not improve use of anticoagulants (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.639). There were 19 (17.3%) recurrent ischemic stroke events up to October 2015; two (9.5%) in the non\u2010user group, 10 (18.5%) in the antiplatelet group, and seven (20.0%) in the anticoagulants group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.570). Furthermore, recurrence rates were similar between the DE group (20.0%) and the Warfarin group (20.0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.000). The most common reason for not using DE was financial concerns (61.0%), followed by inconvenience to purchase (14.0%) and hemorrhage concerns (11.0%). Two patients using warfarin found fecal occult blood so they stopped warfarin and began to use antiplatelet drugs. No bleeding event occurred in the other groups. Only one patient had side effects (dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux) from DE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use rate of either DE or warfarin in Shanghai was low; DE had not improved anticoagulation therapy for NVAF patients in Shanghai mainly because DE had not been covered by health insurance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdtm.2015.11.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]],"date-time":"2016-01-08T15:01:36Z","timestamp":1452265296000},"page":"203-209","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Does novel oral anticoagulant improve anticoagulation for non\u2010valvular atrial fibrillation associated stroke: An inpatient registration study in Shanghai"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Feng\u2010Di","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Jiuyuan 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