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All cavernomas were deeply located in subcortical areas or involved critical areas. Intraoperative high\u2010field MRIs were obtained for the intraoperative \u201cvisualization\u201d of surrounding eloquent structures, \u201cbrain shift\u201d corrections, and navigational plan updates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All cavernomas were successfully resected with guidance from intraoperative MRI, multimodal neuronavigation, and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring. In 5 cases with supratentorial cavernomas, intraoperative \u201cbrain shift\u201d severely deterred locating of the lesions; however, intraoperative MRI facilitated precise locating of these lesions. During long\u2010term (&gt;3 months) follow\u2010up, some or all presenting signs and symptoms improved or resolved in 4 cases, but were unchanged in 7 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intraoperative high\u2010field MRI, multimodal neuronavigation, and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring are helpful in surgeries for the treatment of small deeply seated subcortical cavernomas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdtm.2016.11.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,8]],"date-time":"2016-12-08T05:01:25Z","timestamp":1481173285000},"page":"181-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Intraoperative high\u2010field magnetic resonance imaging, multimodal neuronavigation, and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring\u2010guided surgery for treating supratentorial cavernomas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Fang\u2010ye","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital Beijing 100853 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital Beijing 100853 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bai\u2010nan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital Beijing 100853 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