{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T16:32:45Z","timestamp":1743265965948},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,25]],"date-time":"2017-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,10]],"date-time":"2016-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To present our treatment experiences and the follow\u2010up data of patients with paradoxical embolism (PDE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical characteristics, management, and follow\u2010up data of all included patients who were diagnosed with PDE at Fuwai Hospital from January 1994 to October 2015 were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve patients were included; all had a pulmonary embolism, and 8 had deep venous thrombosis. The artery embolisms involved the cerebral artery (7 patients), renal artery (2 patients), mesentery artery (2 patients), popliteal artery (1 patient), descending aorta thrombus (1 patient), and thrombus\u2010straddled patent foramen ovale (PFO) (1 patient). PFO was found in 3 cases. One patient underwent thrombectomy and PFO closure; Six patients received thrombolysis; and 3 patients were implanted with a vena cava filter. Long\u2010term anticoagulation with warfarin was recommended for each patient. One patient died from ventricular fibrillation despite cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Eleven patients were discharged with improvements. No late mortality occurred in 8 patients with a complete follow\u2010up of 10.6\u201317.7 years. One had a recurrent deep venous thrombosis. No patient had a recurrent pulmonary or arterial embolism. Two patients changed their treatment from warfarin to aspirin; others remained on warfarin. Only 1 case had an occasional gum bleeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PDE treatment including thrombolysis, anticoagulation, and embolectomy should be individualized. We recommend long\u2010term anticoagulation therapy to prevent the recurrence of PDE, especially to those with an intracardiac communication or persistent risk factors for re\u2010thrombosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdtm.2017.02.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T02:45:43Z","timestamp":1490928343000},"page":"123-128","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Paradoxical embolism: Experiences from a single center"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Hong\u2010Liang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100037 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