{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:03:46Z","timestamp":1789423426342,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,7,18]],"date-time":"2027-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1815868800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":290,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011084","name":"Sigma Xi the Scientific Research Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007710","name":"University of Connecticut","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemical Engineering Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:24:21Z","timestamp":1784204661000},"page":"179578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["CRISPR-programmable nanoparticle transport in salt-gated porous media for visual DNA detection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"545","author":[{"given":"Kurt T.","family":"Schalper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiongyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengyu","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingye","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjie","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trystin","family":"Cote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yupeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changchun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0005","series-title":"European Conference on Design, Modeling and Optimization","article-title":"Colloidal Particle Deposition in Porous Media Under Flow: A Numerical Approach","author":"Li","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2013.03.005","article-title":"Numerical simulation of retention and release of colloids in porous media at the pore scale","volume":"427","author":"Sefrioui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2006WR005418","article-title":"Subsurface contaminant transport in the presence of colloids: Effect of nonlinear and nonequilibrium interactions","volume":"43","author":"Bekhit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0020","series-title":"On the influence of ionic strength on colloid transport in porous media in the presence of a rough surface : numerical simulation at the microscopic scale","author":"Sefrioui-Chaibainou","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0025","series-title":"Transport Processes in Porous Media","first-page":"39","article-title":"Transport Phenomena in Porous Structures","author":"Coutelieris","year":"2012"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1039\/b919614e","article-title":"Controlled reagent transport in disposable 2D paper networks","volume":"10","author":"Fu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7091","DOI":"10.1021\/ac901071p","article-title":"Understanding Wax Printing: A Simple Micropatterning Process for Paper-Based Microfluidics","volume":"81","author":"Carrilho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"95","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78109","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA09188H","article-title":"Fabrication of paper-based microfluidic analysis devices: a review","volume":"5","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1021\/ac503968p","article-title":"Recent Developments in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices","volume":"87","author":"Cate","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11835","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c01335","article-title":"Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices: From Design to Applications","volume":"121","author":"Noviana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4991504","article-title":"A review on wax printed microfluidic paper-based devices for international health","volume":"11","author":"Altundemir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomicrofluidics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2020.104664","article-title":"Distance-based paper microfluidics; principle, technical aspects and applications","volume":"155","author":"Alsaeed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2022.339749","article-title":"CASCADE: Naked eye-detection of SARS-CoV-2 using Cas13a and gold nanoparticles","volume":"1205","author":"L\u00f3pez-Valls","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8505","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c05431","article-title":"Nano for CRISPR","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7506","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c00217","article-title":"Single-Step, Salt-Aging-Free, and Thiol-Free Freezing Construction of AuNP-Based Bioprobes for Advancing CRISPR-Based Diagnostics","volume":"142","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1021\/cr2001178","article-title":"Gold Nanoparticles in Chemical and Biological Sensing","volume":"112","author":"Saha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202300057","article-title":"Gold nanomaterials-implemented CRISPR-Cas systems for biosensing","volume":"19","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.5c01784","article-title":"Mechanoresponsive Biomaterials: Principles, Mechanisms, and Applications","author":"Rajeev","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"6455","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw5122","article-title":"Programmable CRISPR-responsive smart materials","volume":"365","author":"English","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7327","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c08396","article-title":"Visual Biosensing with Specific Liquid-Based Interface Behaviors","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16325","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c04514","article-title":"Unveiling Trends: Nanoscale Materials Shaping Emerging Biomedical Applications","volume":"18","author":"Hughes","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.118319","article-title":"Programmable CRISPR-mediated gold nanoparticle adhesion for visual colorimetric detection","volume":"295","author":"Schalper","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.0c02676","article-title":"Rapid distance-based cardiac troponin quantification using paper analytical devices for the screening and the follow-up of acute myocardial infarction, using a single drop of human whole blood","volume":"6","author":"Khachornsakkul","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2025.138999","article-title":"Distance-based paper microfluidic analytical device using aptamer functionalized silver nanomaterial for aflatoxin B1 quantification in food products","volume":"448","author":"Khachornsakkul","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.1c01058","article-title":"Distance-Based Paper Device for a Naked-Eye Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio Assay","volume":"6","author":"Phoonsawat","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1039\/C8LC00168E","article-title":"\u201cDip-and-read\u201d paper-based analytical devices using distance-based detection with color screening","volume":"18","author":"Yamada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1039\/c3lc50072a","article-title":"Simple, distance-based measurement for paper analytical devices","volume":"13","author":"Cate","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.117054","article-title":"Quencher-free CRISPR-based molecular detection using an amphiphilic DNA fluorescence probe","volume":"271","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-019-0210-2","article-title":"SHERLOCK: nucleic acid detection with CRISPR nucleases","volume":"14","author":"Kellner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"issue":"4887","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2911722","article-title":"Structural Origins of High-Affinity Biotin Binding to Streptavidin","volume":"243","author":"Weber","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2808","DOI":"10.1039\/C5LC00364D","article-title":"Multiplexed paper analytical device for quantification of metals using distance-based detection","volume":"15","author":"Cate","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17765","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407979101","article-title":"Comparative genomic hybridization using oligonucleotide microarrays and total genomic DNA","volume":"101","author":"Barrett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"6387","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar6245","article-title":"CRISPR-Cas12a target binding unleashes indiscriminate single-stranded DNase activity","volume":"360","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6336","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9321","article-title":"Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR-Cas13a\/C2c2","volume":"356","author":"Gootenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07335","article-title":"Nuclemeter: a reaction-diffusion based method for quantifying nucleic acids undergoing enzymatic amplification","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113865","article-title":"Instrument-free, CRISPR-based diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 using self-contained microfluidic system","volume":"199","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2730","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC00293G","article-title":"Autonomous lab-on-paper for multiplexed, CRISPR-based diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"21","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202310066","article-title":"Palm-sized lab-in-a-magnetofluidic tube platform for rapid and sensitive virus detection","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."}],"container-title":["Chemical Engineering Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1385894726070397?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1385894726070397?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T21:16:34Z","timestamp":1789420594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1385894726070397"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S1385894726070397"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578","relation":{},"ISSN":["1385-8947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1385-8947","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"CRISPR-programmable nanoparticle transport in salt-gated porous media for visual DNA detection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemical Engineering Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2026.179578","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"179578"}}