{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:52:50Z","timestamp":1791942770788,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,5]],"date-time":"2014-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":369,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,5]],"date-time":"2013-12-05T16:49:28Z","timestamp":1386262168000},"page":"1296-1308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":348,"title":["Tryptophan Biosynthesis Protects Mycobacteria from CD4 T-Cell-Mediated Killing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"155","author":[{"given":"Yanjia\u00a0J.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manchi\u00a0C.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas\u00a0R.","family":"Ioerger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alissa\u00a0C.","family":"Rothchild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronique","family":"Dartois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian\u00a0M.","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Trauner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deeann","family":"Wallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Galaviz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis","family":"Huttenhower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James\u00a0C.","family":"Sacchettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel\u00a0M.","family":"Behar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric\u00a0J.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.1.419","article-title":"Differential regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression by nitric oxide and inflammatory mediators in IFN-gamma-activated murine macrophages and microglial cells","volume":"159","author":"Alberati-Giani","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)96383-0","article-title":"Anthranilate synthetase. Partial purification and some kinetic studies on the enzyme from Escherichia coli","volume":"241","author":"Baker","year":"1966","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002063","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002063","article-title":"Suboptimal activation of antigen-specific CD4+ effector cells enables persistence of M. tuberculosis in\u00a0vivo","volume":"7","author":"Bold","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0310548","article-title":"Experiences with the shikimate-pathway enzymes as targets for rational drug design","volume":"31","author":"Coggins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90448-8","article-title":"Mice lacking MHC class II molecules","volume":"66","author":"Cosgrove","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.10.007","article-title":"Interferon-gamma-responsive nonhematopoietic cells regulate the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"31","author":"Desvignes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01335.x","article-title":"Mycobacterial survival strategies in the phagosome: defence against host stresses","volume":"11","author":"Ehrt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3259","article-title":"The immunological life cycle of tuberculosis","volume":"12","author":"Ernst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104ra102","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003045","article-title":"Vitamin D is required for IFN-gamma-mediated antimicrobial activity of human macrophages","volume":"3","author":"Fabri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.10.033","article-title":"Lessons from experimental Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections","volume":"8","author":"Flynn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.6.2249","article-title":"An essential role for interferon gamma in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"178","author":"Flynn","year":"1993","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90001-2","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is required in the protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice","volume":"2","author":"Flynn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002052","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002052","article-title":"A gamma interferon independent mechanism of CD4 T\u00a0cell mediated control of M. tuberculosis infection in\u00a0vivo","volume":"7","author":"Gallegos","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.08.003","article-title":"Identifying genetic determinants needed to establish a human gut symbiont in its habitat","volume":"6","author":"Goodman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002251","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002251","article-title":"High-resolution phenotypic profiling defines genes essential for mycobacterial growth and cholesterol catabolism","volume":"7","author":"Griffin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1910207","article-title":"Depletion of CD4+ T\u00a0cells in major histocompatibility complex class II-deficient mice","volume":"253","author":"Grusby","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1169381","article-title":"Infection by tubercular mycobacteria is spread by nonlytic ejection from their amoeba hosts","volume":"323","author":"Hagedorn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.5.2888-2898.2000","article-title":"Attenuation of and protection induced by a leucine auxotroph of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"68","author":"Hondalus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2836","article-title":"Nutritional immunity: transition metals at the pathogen-host interface","volume":"10","author":"Hood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4425","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05659-11","article-title":"Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity by levo-1-methyl tryptophan blocks gamma interferon-induced Chlamydia trachomatis persistence in human epithelial cells","volume":"79","author":"Ibana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6788","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.445056","article-title":"Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits host-derived fatty acids to limit metabolic stress","volume":"288","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030126","article-title":"Inhibitors of pathogen intercellular signals as selective anti-infective compounds","volume":"3","author":"Lesic","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9819","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000715107","article-title":"Gluconeogenic carbon flow of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates is critical for Mycobacterium tuberculosis to establish and maintain infection","volume":"107","author":"Marrero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.7.2763-2773.1993","article-title":"Pathogenesis of tuberculosis: interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with macrophages","volume":"61","author":"McDonough","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1038\/35021074","article-title":"Persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages and mice requires the glyoxylate shunt enzyme isocitrate lyase","volume":"406","author":"McKinney","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.3.271","article-title":"The relative importance of T\u00a0cell subsets in immunity and immunopathology of airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice","volume":"193","author":"Mogues","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1252","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyases 1 and 2 are jointly required for in\u00a0vivo growth and virulence","volume":"11","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-El\u00edas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20110919","article-title":"Regulation of neutrophils by interferon-\u03b3 limits lung inflammation during tuberculosis infection","volume":"208","author":"Nandi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4376","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711159105","article-title":"Mycobacterial persistence requires\u00a0the utilization of host cholesterol","volume":"105","author":"Pandey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6702","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.22.6702-6706.2003","article-title":"Starvation survival response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"185","author":"Parish","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4190","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.7.4190-4192.2003","article-title":"Vaccine efficacy of a lysine auxotroph of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"71","author":"Pavelka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002464","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002464","article-title":"Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection","volume":"8","author":"Pawlowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1212868","article-title":"Host proteasomal degradation generates amino acids essential for intracellular bacterial growth","volume":"334","author":"Price","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12989","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2134250100","article-title":"Genetic requirements for mycobacterial\u00a0survival during infection","volume":"100","author":"Sassetti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.3.347","article-title":"Depletion of CD4(+) T\u00a0cells causes reactivation of murine\u00a0persistent tuberculosis despite continued expression of interferon gamma and nitric oxide synthase 2","volume":"192","author":"Scanga","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198903023200901","article-title":"A prospective study of the risk of tuberculosis among intravenous drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"320","author":"Selwyn","year":"1989","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.2.1442-1150.2001","article-title":"Characterization of auxotrophic mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis\u00a0and\u00a0their potential as vaccine candidates","volume":"69","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15545","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102","article-title":"Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles","volume":"102","author":"Subramanian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib39","first-page":"391","article-title":"Lack of significant in\u00a0vitro sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to pyrazinamide on three different solid media","volume":"67","author":"Tarshis","year":"1953","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Tuberc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.04.012","article-title":"Amino acid starvation induced by invasive bacterial pathogens triggers an innate host defense program","volume":"11","author":"Tattoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1795","article-title":"A membrane protein preserves intrabacterial pH in intraphagosomal Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"14","author":"Vandal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.05.059","article-title":"M. tuberculosis and M. leprae translocate\u00a0from the phagolysosome to the cytosol in myeloid cells","volume":"129","author":"van der Wel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib43","series-title":"Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib44","unstructured":"WHO (2011). Global tuberculosis control 2011. http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/global_report\/2011\/en\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.10.007","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in infection: the paradox of an evasive strategy that benefits the host","volume":"11","author":"Zelante","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib46","first-page":"6","article-title":"The curious characteristics of pyrazinamide: a review","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12140","article-title":"Feast or famine: the host-pathogen battle over amino acids","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002946","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002946","article-title":"Global assessment of genomic regions required for growth in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."}],"container-title":["Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0092867413013639?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0092867413013639?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]],"date-time":"2023-07-08T18:50:01Z","timestamp":1688842201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0092867413013639"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0092867413013639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045","relation":{},"ISSN":["0092-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0092-8674","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tryptophan Biosynthesis Protects Mycobacteria from CD4 T-Cell-Mediated Killing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.045","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}