{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:59:31Z","timestamp":1791338371298,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,27]],"date-time":"2016-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":392,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"JST, PRESTO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26291010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26291010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15H01463"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15H01463"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM007753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM007753"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006063","name":"Paul and Daisy Soros Fellowship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Harvard Society of Fellows"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH Director\u2019s Pioneer Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1DP1-MH100706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1DP1-MH100706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Keck"},{"name":"McKnight"},{"name":"Poitras"},{"name":"Merkin"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007204","name":"Vallee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007204","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001021","name":"Damon Runyon","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001021","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Searle Scholars"},{"name":"Klingenstein"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000893","name":"Simons Foundations","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009538","name":"Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (CSTI)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007173","name":"Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007173","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007172","name":"NARO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007172","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,27]],"date-time":"2015-08-27T11:52:00Z","timestamp":1440676320000},"page":"1113-1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":433,"title":["Crystal Structure of Staphylococcus aureus Cas9"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nishimasu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winston\u00a0X.","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.\u00a0Ann","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Zetsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arisa","family":"Kurabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichiro","family":"Ishitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Nureki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13579","article-title":"Structural basis of PAM-dependent target DNA recognition by the Cas9 endonuclease","volume":"513","author":"Anders","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4715","DOI":"10.1021\/ja043277y","article-title":"Characterization of the FKBP.rapamycin.FRB ternary complex","volume":"127","author":"Banaszynski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138140","article-title":"CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes","volume":"315","author":"Barrangou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06152","article-title":"Crystal structure of T4 endonuclease VII resolving a Holliday junction","volume":"449","author":"Biert\u00fcmpfel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28048-0","article-title":"Clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPRs) have spacers of extrachromosomal origin","volume":"151","author":"Bolotin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.09.019","article-title":"Guide RNA functional modules direct Cas9 activity and orthogonality","volume":"56","author":"Briner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1159689","article-title":"Small CRISPR RNAs guide antiviral defense in prokaryotes","volume":"321","author":"Brouns","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2507","article-title":"Targeted genome engineering in human cells with the Cas9 RNA-guided endonuclease","volume":"31","author":"Cho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.24321","article-title":"The tracrRNA and Cas9 families of type II CRISPR-Cas immunity systems","volume":"10","author":"Chylinski","year":"2013","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6091","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku241","article-title":"Classification and evolution of type II CRISPR-Cas systems","volume":"42","author":"Chylinski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1962","article-title":"Comprehensive interrogation of natural TALE DNA-binding modules and transcriptional repressor domains","volume":"3","author":"Cong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1231143","article-title":"Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR\/Cas systems","volume":"339","author":"Cong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09886","article-title":"CRISPR RNA maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III","volume":"471","author":"Deltcheva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01412-07","article-title":"Phage response to CRISPR-encoded resistance in Streptococcus thermophilus","volume":"190","author":"Deveau","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1074","article-title":"Phylogeny of Cas9 determines functional exchangeability of dual-RNA and Cas9 among orthologous type II CRISPR-Cas systems","volume":"42","author":"Fonfara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09523","article-title":"The CRISPR\/Cas bacterial immune system cleaves bacteriophage and plasmid DNA","volume":"468","author":"Garneau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2579","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1208507109","article-title":"Cas9-crRNA ribonucleoprotein complex mediates specific DNA cleavage for adaptive immunity in bacteria","volume":"109","author":"Gasiunas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9945","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt769","article-title":"Crystal structure of RuvC resolvase in complex with Holliday junction substrate","volume":"41","author":"G\u00f3recka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2647","article-title":"DNA targeting specificity of RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases","volume":"31","author":"Hsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2501","article-title":"Efficient genome editing in zebrafish using a CRISPR-Cas system","volume":"31","author":"Hwang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2508","article-title":"RNA-guided editing of bacterial genomes using CRISPR-Cas systems","volume":"31","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab1452","article-title":"A Cas9-guide RNA complex preorganized for target DNA recognition","volume":"348","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1225829","article-title":"A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity","volume":"337","author":"Jinek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00471","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00471","article-title":"RNA-programmed genome editing in human cells","volume":"2","author":"Jinek","year":"2013","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247997","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1247997","article-title":"Structures of Cas9 endonucleases reveal RNA-mediated conformational activation","volume":"343","author":"Jinek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12466","article-title":"Optical control of mammalian endogenous transcription and epigenetic states","volume":"500","author":"Konermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14136","article-title":"Genome-scale transcriptional activation by an engineered CRISPR-Cas9 complex","volume":"517","author":"Konermann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"rs2","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2001449","article-title":"Engineering the ABA plant stress pathway for regulation of induced proximity","volume":"4","author":"Liang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6150-1-7","article-title":"A putative RNA-interference-based immune system in prokaryotes: computational analysis of the predicted enzymatic machinery, functional analogies with eukaryotic RNAi, and hypothetical mechanisms of action","volume":"1","author":"Makarova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Direct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232033","article-title":"RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9","volume":"339","author":"Mali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1165771","article-title":"CRISPR interference limits horizontal gene transfer in staphylococci by targeting DNA","volume":"322","author":"Marraffini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-004-0046-3","article-title":"Intervening sequences of regularly spaced prokaryotic repeats derive from foreign genetic elements","volume":"60","author":"Mojica","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.023960-0","article-title":"Short motif sequences determine the targets of the prokaryotic CRISPR defence system","volume":"155","author":"Mojica","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.02.001","article-title":"Crystal structure of Cas9 in complex with guide RNA and target DNA","volume":"156","author":"Nishimasu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27437-0","article-title":"CRISPR elements in Yersinia pestis acquire new repeats by preferential uptake of bacteriophage DNA, and provide additional tools for evolutionary studies","volume":"151","author":"Pourcel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14299","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo genome editing using Staphylococcus aureus Cas9","volume":"520","author":"Ran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9275","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr606","article-title":"The Streptococcus thermophilus CRISPR\/Cas system provides immunity in Escherichia coli","volume":"39","author":"Sapranauskas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13011","article-title":"DNA interrogation by the CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9","volume":"507","author":"Sternberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501698112","article-title":"Rational design of a split-Cas9 enzyme complex","volume":"112","author":"Wright","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3149","article-title":"A split-Cas9 architecture for inducible genome editing and transcription modulation","volume":"33","author":"Zetsche","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1775","article-title":"Efficient construction of sequence-specific TAL effectors for modulating mammalian transcription","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."}],"container-title":["Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S009286741501020X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S009286741501020X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,18]],"date-time":"2022-06-18T22:51:01Z","timestamp":1655592661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S009286741501020X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S009286741501020X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0092-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0092-8674","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Crystal Structure of Staphylococcus aureus Cas9","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}