{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T11:52:06Z","timestamp":1792324326729,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":383,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T23:46:25Z","timestamp":1615506385000},"page":"1469-1485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1035,"title":["The basic immunology of asthma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Hamida","family":"Hammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart N.","family":"Lambrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14268","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of treatment with dupilumab for severe asthma: A systematic review of the EAACI guidelines-Recommendations on the use of biologicals in severe asthma","volume":"75","author":"Agache","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.02.024","article-title":"T(H)17-associated cytokines (IL-17A and IL-17F) in severe asthma","volume":"123","author":"Al-Ramli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0347-8","article-title":"Transcriptome networks identify mechanisms of viral and nonviral asthma exacerbations in children","volume":"20","author":"Altman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0184684","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184684","article-title":"ILC2s activated by IL-25 promote antigen-specific Th2 and Th9 functions that contribute to the control of Trichinella spiralis infection","volume":"12","author":"Angkasekwinai","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00218-1","article-title":"Adult chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"6","author":"Bachert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.11.017","article-title":"T Follicular Helper Cell Plasticity Shapes Pathogenic T Helper 2 Cell-Mediated Immunity to Inhaled House Dust Mite","volume":"44","author":"Ballesteros-Tato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.16d07.x","article-title":"Elevation of total serum immunoglobulin E is associated with asthma in nonallergic individuals","volume":"16","author":"Beeh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00840","article-title":"Th2-TRMs Maintain Life-Long Allergic Memory in Experimental Asthma in Mice","volume":"10","author":"Bo\u0161njak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.04.005","article-title":"Inflammatory Type 2 cDCs Acquire Features of cDC1s and Macrophages to Orchestrate Immunity to Respiratory Virus Infection","volume":"52","author":"Bosteels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12813","article-title":"Omalizumab could be effective in children with severe eosinophilic non-allergic asthma","volume":"29","author":"Bourgoin-Heck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.4.1378","article-title":"Predicting response to omalizumab, an anti-IgE antibody, in patients with allergic asthma","volume":"125","author":"Bousquet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61380-3","article-title":"Role of viral respiratory infections in asthma and asthma exacerbations","volume":"376","author":"Busse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201212-2318OC","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of brodalumab, a human anti-IL-17 receptor monoclonal antibody, in moderate to severe asthma","volume":"188","author":"Busse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30406-5","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of benralizumab in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma: 1-year results from the BORA phase 3 extension trial","volume":"7","author":"Busse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13122","article-title":"Eosinophil-derived exosomes contribute to asthma remodelling by activating structural lung cells","volume":"48","author":"Ca\u00f1as","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0101-2015","article-title":"Bronchial epithelium in children: a key player in asthma","volume":"25","author":"Carsin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.2174\/138161211795428975","article-title":"The role of mast cells in the structural alterations of the airways as a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of severe asthma","volume":"17","author":"Carter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.04.043","article-title":"Omalizumab Effectiveness by Biomarker Status in Patients with Asthma: Evidence From PROSPERO, A Prospective Real-World Study","volume":"7","author":"Casale","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00042-9","article-title":"Corrections. Reslizumab for inadequately controlled asthma with elevated blood eosinophil counts: results from two multicentre, parallel, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials","volume":"3","author":"Castro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804092","article-title":"Dupilumab Efficacy and Safety in Moderate-to-Severe Uncontrolled Asthma","volume":"378","author":"Castro","year":"2018","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0067-5","article-title":"Environmental allergens induce allergic inflammation through proteolytic maturation of IL-33","volume":"19","author":"Cayrol","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00364","article-title":"IL33: Roles in Allergic Inflammation and Therapeutic Perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaal5196","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aal5196","article-title":"PPAR-\u03b3 promotes type 2 immune responses in allergy and nematode infection","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201403-0505OC","article-title":"Epithelial interleukin-25 is a key mediator in Th2-high, corticosteroid-responsive asthma","volume":"190","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13997","article-title":"Eosinophil extracellular traps activate type 2 innate lymphoid cells through stimulating airway epithelium in severe asthma","volume":"75","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301ra129","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aab3142","article-title":"TH2 and TH17 inflammatory pathways are reciprocally regulated in asthma","volume":"7","author":"Choy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.10.1737","article-title":"Induction of airway mucus production By T helper 2 (Th2) cells: a critical role for interleukin 4 in cell recruitment but not mucus production","volume":"186","author":"Cohn","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.90420","article-title":"Lung CD103+ dendritic cells restrain allergic airway inflammation through IL-12 production","volume":"2","author":"Conejero","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.07.015","article-title":"Interleukin-21-Producing CD4(+) T Cells Promote Type 2 Immunity to House Dust Mites","volume":"43","author":"Coquet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1704064","article-title":"Tezepelumab in Adults with Uncontrolled Asthma","volume":"377","author":"Corren","year":"2017","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.1.109","article-title":"Interleukin 4, but not interleukin 5 or eosinophils, is required in a murine model of acute airway hyperreactivity","volume":"183","author":"Corry","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.10.031","article-title":"Perinatal Activation of the Interleukin-33 Pathway Promotes Type 2 Immunity in the Developing Lung","volume":"45","author":"de Kleer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.12.970","article-title":"Epicutaneous sensitization to house dust mite allergen requires interferon regulatory factor 4-dependent dermal dendritic cells","volume":"140","author":"Deckers","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201602-0419OC","article-title":"Inflammatory and Comorbid Features of Patients with Severe Asthma and Frequent Exacerbations","volume":"195","author":"Denlinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.10.012","article-title":"Pulmonary Epithelial Cell-Derived Cytokine TGF-\u03b21 Is a Critical Cofactor for Enhanced Innate Lymphoid Cell Function","volume":"43","author":"Denney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3MR1117-426R","article-title":"Eosinophil and airway nerve interactions in asthma","volume":"104","author":"Drake","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2020.104098","article-title":"IL-33 induced airways inflammation is partially dependent on IL-9","volume":"352","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3308","article-title":"Type I interferon restricts type 2 immunopathology through the regulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells","volume":"17","author":"Duerr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI95693","article-title":"Mucus plugs in patients with asthma linked to eosinophilia and airflow obstruction","volume":"128","author":"Dunican","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.08.008","article-title":"Single-Cell Analysis of Human Mononuclear Phagocytes Reveals Subset-Defining Markers and Identifies Circulating Inflammatory Dendritic Cells","volume":"51","author":"Dutertre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8720-1","article-title":"Mast Cell-Mediated Orchestration of the Immune Responses in Human Allergic Asthma: Current Insights","volume":"56","author":"Elieh Ali Komi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1485","article-title":"Segmental allergen challenge in patients with atopic asthma leads to increased IL-9 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lymphocytes","volume":"111","author":"Erpenbeck","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3786","article-title":"Type 2 inflammation in asthma--present in most, absent in many","volume":"15","author":"Fahy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13323","article-title":"Airway pathology in severe asthma is related to airflow obstruction but not symptom control","volume":"73","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12724","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12724","article-title":"Elevated levels of interleukin-33 are associated with allergic and eosinophilic asthma","volume":"89","author":"Gasiuniene","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.08.027","article-title":"Charcot-Leyden crystals promote neutrophilic inflammation in patients with nasal polyposis","volume":"145","author":"Gevaert","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.06.002","article-title":"A bispecific antibody strategy to target multiple type 2 cytokines in asthma","volume":"142","author":"Godar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.109172","article-title":"IL-9 expression by human eosinophils: regulation by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha","volume":"106","author":"Gounni","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaw6433","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw6433","article-title":"Identification of a T follicular helper cell subset that drives anaphylactic IgE","volume":"365","author":"Gowthaman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106202","article-title":"Clinical and biological factors associated with irreversible airway obstruction in adult asthma","volume":"175","author":"Graff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.08.024","article-title":"Children with Neutrophil-Predominant Severe Asthma Have Proinflammatory Neutrophils With Enhanced Survival and Impaired Clearance","volume":"7","author":"Grunwell","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119598","article-title":"Interferon gamma and interleukin 4 stimulate prolonged expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human airway epithelium through synthesis of soluble mediators","volume":"100","author":"Guo","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3244","article-title":"Innate immunological function of TH2 cells in\u00a0vivo","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.01.011","article-title":"Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are critical for the initiation of adaptive T helper 2 cell-mediated allergic lung inflammation","volume":"40","author":"Halim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1946","article-title":"House dust mite allergen induces asthma via Toll-like receptor 4 triggering of airway structural cells","volume":"15","author":"Hammad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201208-1414OC","article-title":"Exploring the effects of omalizumab in allergic asthma: an analysis of biomarkers in the EXTRA study","volume":"187","author":"Hanania","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.1916.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a recombinant anti-immunoglobulin E antibody (omalizumab) in severe allergic asthma","volume":"34","author":"Holgate","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.11.004","article-title":"Interleukin-2-Dependent Allergen-Specific Tissue-Resident Memory Cells Drive Asthma","volume":"44","author":"Hondowicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.11.046","article-title":"Allergen-specific IgG+ memory B cells are temporally linked to IgE memory responses","volume":"146","author":"Hoof","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3078","article-title":"IL-25-responsive, lineage-negative KLRG1(hi) cells are multipotential \u2018inflammatory\u2019 type 2 innate lymphoid cells","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00772.x","article-title":"Benefits of omalizumab as add-on therapy in patients with severe persistent asthma who are inadequately controlled despite best available therapy (GINA 2002 step 4 treatment): INNOVATE","volume":"60","author":"Humbert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702523","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02523-2017","article-title":"Omalizumab effectiveness in patients with severe allergic asthma according to blood eosinophil count: the STELLAIR study","volume":"51","author":"Humbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.08.003","article-title":"Role of viral infections in the development and exacerbation of asthma in children","volume":"140","author":"Jartti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3675","article-title":"Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induces corticosteroid resistance in natural helper cells during airway inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Kabata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.02.041","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 7 gene deficiency and early-life Pneumovirus infection interact to predispose toward the development of asthma-like pathology in mice","volume":"131","author":"Kaiko","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b19-00892","article-title":"Multiple Biological Aspects of Eosinophils in Host Defense, Eosinophil-Associated Diseases, Immunoregulation, and Homeostasis: Is Their Role Beneficial, Detrimental, Regulator, or Bystander?","volume":"43","author":"Kanda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.03.003","article-title":"Lipid-Droplet Formation Drives Pathogenic Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Airway Inflammation","volume":"52","author":"Karagiannis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.09.038","article-title":"Cross-linking IgE augments human conventional dendritic cell production of CC chemokine ligand 28","volume":"125","author":"Khan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142018","article-title":"Pulmonary innate lymphoid cells are major producers of IL-5 and IL-13 in murine models of allergic asthma","volume":"42","author":"Klein Wolterink","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07081452","article-title":"Hypodense eosinophil number relates to clinical severity, airway hyperresponsiveness and response to inhaled corticosteroids in asthmatic subjects","volume":"7","author":"Kuo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201810-1869OC","article-title":"Extracellular DNA, Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, and Inflammasome Activation in Severe Asthma","volume":"199","author":"Lachowicz-Scroggins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3829","article-title":"The immunology of the allergy epidemic and the hygiene hypothesis","volume":"18","author":"Lambrecht","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.018","article-title":"The Cytokines of Asthma","volume":"50","author":"Lambrecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03496-6","article-title":"Effects of an interleukin-5 blocking monoclonal antibody on eosinophils, airway hyper-responsiveness, and the late asthmatic response","volume":"356","author":"Leckie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701455","article-title":"Elevated Expression of IL-33 and TSLP in the Airways of Human Asthmatics In\u00a0Vivo: A Potential Biomarker of Severe Refractory Disease","volume":"200","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201747421","article-title":"T cells and ILC2s are major effector cells in influenza-induced exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation in mice","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.08.031","article-title":"Investigation of the relationship between IL-6 and type 2 biomarkers in patients with severe asthma","volume":"145","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.11.037","article-title":"Asthma endotypes: a new approach to classification of disease entities within the asthma syndrome","volume":"127","author":"L\u00f6tvall","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.02.039","article-title":"Aeroallergen-induced IL-33 predisposes to respiratory virus-induced asthma by dampening antiviral immunity","volume":"138","author":"Lynch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.3.1438","article-title":"Down-regulation of Fc(epsilon)RI expression on human basophils during in\u00a0vivo treatment of atopic patients with anti-IgE antibody","volume":"158","author":"MacGlashan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201909-1722OC","article-title":"The Role of the TL1A\/DR3 Axis in the Activation of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Subjects with Eosinophilic Asthma","volume":"202","author":"Machida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58388","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058388","article-title":"Sputum IgE and cytokines in asthma: relationship with sputum cellular profile","volume":"8","author":"Manise","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.08.009","article-title":"Tissue-Specific Features of Innate Lymphoid Cells","volume":"41","author":"Meininger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI85664","article-title":"Lung-resident eosinophils represent a distinct regulatory eosinophil subset","volume":"126","author":"Mesnil","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.08.033","article-title":"Regional Differences in Airway Epithelial Cells Reveal Tradeoff between Defense against Oxidative Stress and Defense against Rhinovirus","volume":"24","author":"Mihaylova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1159\/000488015","article-title":"IL-33 and Its Receptor ST2 after Inhaled Allergen Challenge in Allergic Asthmatics","volume":"176","author":"Mitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0906312","article-title":"A large-scale, consortium-based genomewide association study of asthma","volume":"363","author":"Moffatt","year":"2010","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.06.009","article-title":"Airway Epithelial Cell-Derived Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Promotes Allergen Sensitization","volume":"49","author":"Moon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14011","article-title":"Colony-stimulating factor 1 and its receptor are new potential therapeutic targets for allergic asthma","volume":"75","author":"Moon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3309","article-title":"Interferon and IL-27 antagonize the function of group 2 innate lymphoid cells and type 2 innate immune responses","volume":"17","author":"Moro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201906-1123OC","article-title":"Human Lung Conventional Dendritic Cells Orchestrate Lymphoid Neogenesis during Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"202","author":"Naessens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805435","article-title":"Mepolizumab for prednisone-dependent asthma with sputum eosinophilia","volume":"360","author":"Nair","year":"2009","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2018-0280","article-title":"Charcot-Leyden crystal protein\/galectin-10 is a surrogate biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma","volume":"13","author":"Nyenhuis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomarkers Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30227-2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a CXCR2 antagonist, AZD5069, in patients with uncontrolled persistent asthma: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"O\u2019Byrne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-14-93","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the effect of an anti-interleukin-9 monoclonal antibody in adults with uncontrolled asthma","volume":"14","author":"Oh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-019-1040-2","article-title":"Age-specific incidence of allergic and non-allergic asthma","volume":"20","author":"Pakkasela","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33311-1","article-title":"Asthma","volume":"391","author":"Papi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-05-502443","article-title":"Activated mouse eosinophils protect against lethal respiratory virus infection","volume":"123","author":"Percopo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaw4295","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw4295","article-title":"Protein crystallization promotes type 2 immunity and is reversible by antibody treatment","volume":"364","author":"Persson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201807-1291OC","article-title":"A transcriptomic method to determine airway immune dysfunction in T2-high and T2-low asthma","volume":"199","author":"Peters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01501-2015","article-title":"Omalizumab reduces bronchial mucosal IgE and improves lung function in non-atopic asthma","volume":"48","author":"Pillai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.10.016","article-title":"Conventional and monocyte-derived CD11b(+) dendritic cells initiate and maintain T helper 2 cell-mediated immunity to house dust mite allergen","volume":"38","author":"Plantinga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.11.025","article-title":"Dissecting childhood asthma with nasal transcriptomics distinguishes subphenotypes of disease","volume":"133","author":"Poole","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0496-9","article-title":"Locally instructed CXCR4hi neutrophils trigger environment-driven allergic asthma through the release of neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"20","author":"Radermecker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20190865","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20190865","article-title":"Distinct functions of tissue-resident and circulating memory Th2 cells in allergic airway disease","volume":"217","author":"Rahimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI80911","article-title":"High IFN-\u03b3 and low SLPI mark severe asthma in mice and humans","volume":"125","author":"Raundhal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13057","article-title":"An early innate response underlies severe influenza-induced exacerbations of asthma in a novel steroid-insensitive and anti-IL-5-responsive mouse model","volume":"72","author":"Ravanetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2012.04.004","article-title":"The high affinity IgE receptor (Fc\u03b5RI) expression and function in airway smooth muscle","volume":"26","author":"Redhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0201-4","article-title":"Tissue signals imprint ILC2 identity with anticipatory function","volume":"19","author":"Ricardo-Gonzalez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI124606","article-title":"Epithelial cell-derived cytokines: more than just signaling the alarm","volume":"129","author":"Roan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199201303260504","article-title":"Predominant TH2-like bronchoalveolar T-lymphocyte population in atopic asthma","volume":"326","author":"Robinson","year":"1992","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.02.045","article-title":"Sputum transcriptomics reveal upregulation of IL-1 receptor family members in patients with severe asthma","volume":"141","author":"Rossios","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13802","article-title":"Eosinophils capture viruses, a capacity that is defective in asthma","volume":"74","author":"Sabogal Pi\u00f1eros","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaan4128","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aan4128","article-title":"Inception of early-life allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness is reliant on IL-13+CD4+ T\u00a0cells","volume":"3","author":"Saglani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600787","article-title":"Eosinophils Promote Antiviral Immunity in Mice Infected with Influenza A Virus","volume":"198","author":"Samarasinghe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061401","article-title":"Interleukin-17 is a negative regulator of established allergic asthma","volume":"203","author":"Schnyder-Candrian","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5724","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.9.5724","article-title":"TLR9- and FcepsilonRI-mediated responses oppose one another in plasmacytoid dendritic cells by down-regulating receptor expression","volume":"175","author":"Schroeder","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaba6087","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aba6087","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of allergen-specific T\u00a0cells in allergy and asthma","volume":"5","author":"Seumois","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2842","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1512600113","article-title":"Thy1+IL-7+ lymphatic endothelial cells in iBALT provide a survival niche for memory T-helper cells in allergic airway inflammation","volume":"113","author":"Shinoda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.07.014","article-title":"Interferon-regulatory factor 4 is essential for the developmental program of T helper 9 cells","volume":"33","author":"Staudt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2931","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23112931","article-title":"A Brief History of Charcot-Leyden Crystal Protein\/Galectin-10 Research","volume":"23","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.02.038","article-title":"Type 2 innate lymphoid cells disrupt bronchial epithelial barrier integrity by targeting tight junctions through IL-13 in asthmatic patients","volume":"141","author":"Sugita","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2017.163","article-title":"Characterization and allergic role of IL-33-induced neutrophil polarization","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.05.014","article-title":"Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of the T Helper Cell Response to House Dust Mites Defines a Distinct Gene Expression Signature in Airway Th2 Cells","volume":"51","author":"Tibbitt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.06.008","article-title":"Paucigranulocytic asthma: Uncoupling of airway obstruction from inflammation","volume":"143","author":"Tliba","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.07.001","article-title":"High-Dimensional T Helper Cell Profiling Reveals a Broad Diversity of Stably Committed Effector States and Uncovers Interlineage Relationships","volume":"53","author":"Tortola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4332","article-title":"Host DNA released by NETosis promotes rhinovirus-induced type-2 allergic asthma exacerbation","volume":"23","author":"Toussaint","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.04.041","article-title":"Eosinophil extracellular trap cell death-derived DNA traps: Their presence in secretions and functional attributes","volume":"137","author":"Ueki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20042311","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo depletion of lung CD11c+ dendritic cells during allergen challenge abrogates the characteristic features of asthma","volume":"201","author":"van Rijt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1659","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta \u2018reprograms\u2019 the differentiation of T helper 2 cells and promotes an interleukin 9-producing subset","volume":"9","author":"Veldhoen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0468-5","article-title":"A cellular census of human lungs identifies novel cell states in health and in asthma","volume":"25","author":"Vieira Braga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201812-2366OC","article-title":"Elevated Levels of Type 2 Respiratory Innate Lymphoid Cells in Human Infants with Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis","volume":"200","author":"Vu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24029","article-title":"The neuropeptide NMU amplifies ILC2-driven allergic lung inflammation","volume":"549","author":"Wallrapp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI5844","article-title":"Der p 1 facilitates transepithelial allergen delivery by disruption of tight junctions","volume":"104","author":"Wan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.09.019","article-title":"Sex differences in group 2 innate lymphoid cell-dominant allergic airway inflammation","volume":"128","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041901","article-title":"Asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells have a deficient innate immune response to infection with rhinovirus","volume":"201","author":"Wark","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201695345","article-title":"Type I interferon is required for T helper (Th) 2 induction by dendritic cells","volume":"36","author":"Webb","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1304048","article-title":"Dupilumab in persistent asthma with elevated eosinophil levels","volume":"368","author":"Wenzel","year":"2013","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30307-5","article-title":"Dupilumab efficacy and safety in adults with uncontrolled persistent asthma despite use of medium-to-high-dose inhaled corticosteroids plus a long-acting \u03b22 agonist: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled pivotal phase 2b dose-ranging trial","volume":"388","author":"Wenzel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20112691","article-title":"Interleukin-1\u03b1 controls allergic sensitization to inhaled house dust mite via the epithelial release of GM-CSF and IL-33","volume":"209","author":"Willart","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.01.027","article-title":"Activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells after allergen challenge in asthmatic patients","volume":"144","author":"Winkler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201475","article-title":"Eosinophils sustain adipose alternatively activated macrophages associated with glucose homeostasis","volume":"332","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201808-1543OC","article-title":"Multiview Cluster Analysis Identifies Variable Corticosteroid Response Phenotypes in Severe Asthma","volume":"199","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib144","article-title":"PPARgamma enhances ILC2 function during allergic airway inflammation via transcription regulation of ST2","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06316-9","article-title":"Eosinophil recruitment is dynamically regulated by interplay among lung dendritic cell subsets after allergen challenge","volume":"9","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8183","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.8183","article-title":"Thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression is increased in asthmatic airways and correlates with expression of Th2-attracting chemokines and disease severity","volume":"174","author":"Ying","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.01.012","article-title":"Spatial and Temporal Mapping of Human Innate Lymphoid Cells Reveals Elements of Tissue Specificity","volume":"50","author":"Yudanin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.09.002","article-title":"In Situ Maturation and Tissue Adaptation of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Progenitors","volume":"53","author":"Zeis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.04.003","article-title":"Bronchial mucosal IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2 and pattern recognition receptor expression in patients with experimental rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations","volume":"143","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.019","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000}}],"container-title":["Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0092867421001665?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0092867421001665?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T11:51:03Z","timestamp":1758801063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0092867421001665"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":149,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0092867421001665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0092-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0092-8674","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The basic immunology of asthma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}