{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T14:05:39Z","timestamp":1793109939847,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":417,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T10:41:15Z","timestamp":1682592075000},"page":"1824-1845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":288,"title":["Cachexia: A systemic consequence of progressive, unresolved disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Miriam","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy G.","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janelle S.","family":"Ayres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Biffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin C.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bette J.","family":"Caan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Cespedes Feliciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Coll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard F.","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus D.","family":"Goncalves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Grethlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven B.","family":"Heymsfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Jamal-Hanjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie Min","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Y.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"McCandlish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Mustian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"O\u2019Rahilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Perrimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen P.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Janowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-013-0105-y","article-title":"Cachexia as a major public health problem: Frequent, costly, and deadly","volume":"4","author":"Farkas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib2","series-title":"The Diagnostics of Internal Medicine","author":"Butler","year":"1906"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib3","series-title":"Cancer: Its Study and Prevention","author":"Taylor","year":"1915"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","article-title":"Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: An international consensus","volume":"12","author":"Fearon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-008-0505-z","article-title":"Cachexia worsens prognosis in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer","volume":"12","author":"Bachmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00074807","article-title":"Possible mechanisms underlying the development of cachexia in COPD","volume":"31","author":"Wagner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12867","article-title":"Sepsis induces interleukin 6, gp130\/JAK2\/STAT3, and muscle wasting","volume":"13","author":"Zanders","year":"2022","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230824","article-title":"Cachexia and the acute-phase protein response in inflammation are regulated by interleukin-6","volume":"23","author":"Oldenburg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14040963","article-title":"Early Neutrophilia Marked by Aerobic Glycolysis Sustains Host Metabolism and Delays Cancer Cachexia","volume":"14","author":"Petruzzelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E729","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00060.2012","article-title":"Role of IGF-I and the TNF\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB pathway in the induction of muscle atrogenes by acute inflammation","volume":"303","author":"Schakman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.10.010","article-title":"Tumor-Induced IL-6 Reprograms Host Metabolism to Suppress Anti-tumor Immunity","volume":"24","author":"Flint","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910490115","article-title":"Severe cachexia in mice inoculated with interferon-\u03b3-producing tumor cells","volume":"49","author":"Matthys","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12561","article-title":"Targeting RAGE prevents muscle wasting and prolongs survival in cancer cachexia","volume":"11","author":"Chiappalupi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0102-75","article-title":"Interleukin-6-deficient mice develop mature-onset obesity","volume":"8","author":"Dickson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50318","article-title":"Massive liver growth in mice induced by systemic interleukin 6 administration","volume":"38","author":"Zimmers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20190450","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20190450","article-title":"Tumor-derived IL-6 and trans-signaling among tumor, fat, and muscle mediate pancreatic cancer cachexia","volume":"218","author":"Rupert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109553","article-title":"Coordination of tumor growth and host wasting by tumor-derived Upd3","volume":"36","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.06.011","article-title":"A switch from white to brown fat increases energy expenditure in cancer-associated cachexia","volume":"20","author":"Petruzzelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24891","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.24891","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer-associated stellate cells: A viable target for reducing immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"2","author":"Mace","year":"2013","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287457","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/287457","article-title":"Leptin in anorexia and cachexia syndrome","volume":"2012","author":"Engineer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pept."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8373","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6562-10.2011","article-title":"Role of central Leptin signaling in the starvation-induced alteration of B-cell development","volume":"31","author":"Tanaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12346","article-title":"Tumour-derived leukaemia inhibitory factor is a major driver of cancer cachexia and morbidity in C26 tumour-bearing mice","volume":"9","author":"Kandarian","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2019-00257","article-title":"Activin A-Induced Cachectic Wasting Is Attenuated by Systemic Delivery of Its Cognate Propeptide in Male Mice","volume":"160","author":"Walton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05660-7","article-title":"Visceral adipose tissue remodeling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cachexia: the role of activin A signaling","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1585","article-title":"Activin enhances skin tumourigenesis and malignant progression by inducing a pro-tumourigenic immune cell response","volume":"2","author":"Antsiferova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2021.08.008","article-title":"Tumor-derived MMPs regulate cachexia in a Drosophila cancer model","volume":"56","author":"Lodge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0049-z","article-title":"Myostatin blockage using actRIIB antagonism in mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma results in the improvement of muscle wasting and physical performance","volume":"3","author":"Busquets","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-013-0161-z","article-title":"Role of chemokine CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"36","author":"Bose","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Pharm. Res. (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201541499","article-title":"Central CCL2 signaling onto MCH neurons mediates metabolic and behavioral adaptation to inflammation","volume":"17","author":"Le Thuc","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11954","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68769-7","article-title":"Chemokine C\u2013C motif ligand 2 overexpression drives tissue-specific metabolic responses in the liver and muscle of mice","volume":"10","author":"Luciano-Mateo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0969","article-title":"Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 is a potential player in the negative cross-talk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle","volume":"147","author":"Sell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2018.12.003","article-title":"Tumor-derived ligands trigger tumor growth and host wasting via differential MEK activation","volume":"48","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa007","article-title":"Gdf15: A hormone conveying somatic distress to the brain","volume":"41","author":"Lockhart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2106868118","article-title":"Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by exogenous and endogenous GDF15","volume":"118","author":"Cimino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-211440","article-title":"Growth\/differentiation factor 15 causes TGF\u03b2-activated kinase 1-dependent muscle atrophy in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"74","author":"Garfield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e131870","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.131870","article-title":"Growth and differentiation factor 15 is secreted by skeletal muscle during exercise and promotes lipolysis in humans","volume":"5","author":"Laurens","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib37","first-page":"139","article-title":"Systemic Organ Wasting Induced by Localized Expression of the Secreted Insulin\/IGF Antagonist ImpL2","volume":"176","author":"Kwon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13528","article-title":"Tumor-derived PTH-related Protein Triggers Adipose Tissue Browning and Cancer Cachexia","volume":"513","author":"Kir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-021-01429-8","article-title":"The Emerging Role of Interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) in Cancer Cachexia","volume":"44","author":"Laird","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21697","article-title":"MC4R-dependent suppression of appetite by bone-derived lipocalin 2","volume":"543","author":"Mosialou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03104","article-title":"Lipocalin 2 mediates an innate immune response to bacterial infection by sequestrating iron","volume":"432","author":"Flo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38211-0","article-title":"Cachectin\/tumor necrosis factor decreases human adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase mRNA levels, synthesis, and activity","volume":"30","author":"Fried","year":"1989","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-020-00628-z","article-title":"Tumour-derived Dilp8\/INSL3 induces cancer anorexia by regulating feeding neuropeptides via Lgr3\/8 in the brain","volume":"23","author":"Yeom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4727","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201701465RR","article-title":"The tumor secretory factor ZAG promotes white adipose tissue browning and energy wasting","volume":"32","author":"Elattar","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11121863","article-title":"IL-8 released from human pancreatic cancer and tumor-associated stromal cells signals through a CXCR2-ERK1\/2 axis to induce muscle atrophy","volume":"11","author":"Callaway","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0856-x","article-title":"Elevated serum interleukin-8 is associated with enhanced intratumor neutrophils and reduced clinical benefit of immune- checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"26","author":"Schalper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of angiotensin II- induced muscle wasting: potential therapeutic targets for cardiac cachexia","volume":"23","author":"Yoshida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540955","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.54095","article-title":"Circulating myeloid cells invade the central nervous system to mediate cachexia during pancreatic cancer","volume":"9","author":"Burfeind","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04088-9","article-title":"MC3R links nutritional state to childhood growth and the timing of puberty","volume":"599","author":"Lam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0710","article-title":"IL-1-induced JAK\/STAT Signaling Is Antagonized by TGF-\u03b2 to Shape CAF Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Biffi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20122344","article-title":"Depletion of stromal cells expressing fibroblast activation protein-\u03b1 from skeletal muscle and bone marrow results in cachexia and anemia","volume":"210","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.04.005","article-title":"Depletion of Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts and Fibrosis Induces Immunosuppression and Accelerates Pancreas Cancer with reduced Survival","volume":"25","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32135-0","article-title":"Blocking ActRIIB and restoring appetite reverses cachexia and improves survival in mice with lung cancer","volume":"13","author":"Queiroz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12331","article-title":"LY2495655, an antimyostatin antibody, in pancreatic cancer: a randomized, phase 2 trial","volume":"9","author":"Golan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03358-w","article-title":"Rev-erb in GABAergic Neurons Controls Diurnal Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity","volume":"592","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2012.05.003","article-title":"Normal protein anabolic response to hyperaminoacidemia in insulin-resistant patients with lung cancer cachexia","volume":"31","author":"Winter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E743","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1714703115","article-title":"Fenofibrate prevents skeletal muscle loss in mice with lung cancer","volume":"115","author":"Goncalves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11101594","article-title":"Plasma metabolomics identifies lipid and amino acid markers of weight loss in patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer","volume":"11","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.12.016","article-title":"GDF15 Provides an Endocrine Signal of Nutritional Stress in Mice and Humans","volume":"29","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0945-x","article-title":"Antibody-mediated inhibition of GDF15\u2013GFRAL activity reverses cancer cachexia in mice","volume":"26","author":"Suriben","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0065-7","article-title":"Hypogonadism in male cancer patients","volume":"3","author":"Burney","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib62","first-page":"391","article-title":"Interaction of gonadal status with systemic inflammation and opioid use in determining nutritional status and prognosis in advanced pancreatic cancer","volume":"19","author":"Skipworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib63","first-page":"1","article-title":"The immunological regulation of cancer cachexia and its therapeutic implications","volume":"2019","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cancer Metastasis Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43442","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9779","article-title":"Chemotherapy-related cachexia is associated with mitochondrial depletion and the activation of ERK1\/2 and p38 MAPKs","volume":"7","author":"Barreto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12645","article-title":"Chemotherapy triggers cachexia by deregulating synergetic function of histone-modifying enzymes","volume":"12","author":"Amrute-Nayak","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.10.010","article-title":"Chemotherapeutic agents induce mitochondrial superoxide production and toxicity but do not alter respiration in skeletal muscle in\u00a0vitro","volume":"42","author":"Rybalka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92966","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092966","article-title":"Depletion of white adipose tissue in cancer cachexia syndrome is associated with inflammatory signaling and disrupted circadian regulation","volume":"9","author":"Tsoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac6468","article-title":"Disease tolerance mediated by microbiome E.\u00a0coli involves inflammasome and IGF-1 signaling","volume":"80","author":"Schieber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-021-00998-8","article-title":"Distinct composition and metabolic functions of human gut microbiota are associated with cachexia in lung cancer patients","volume":"15","author":"Ni","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.006","article-title":"Pathogen-mediated inhibition of anorexia promotes host survival and transmission","volume":"168","author":"Rao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11803","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7730","article-title":"Beneficial bacteria inhibit cachexia","volume":"7","author":"Varian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12138","article-title":"New genetic signatures associated with cancer cachexia as defined by low skeletal muscle index and weight loss","volume":"8","author":"Johns","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib73","first-page":"79","article-title":"Loss of muscle mass in the end of life in patients with advanced cancer","volume":"23","author":"Wallengren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2011.12.008","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism modulates the impact of cancer cachexia on lower limb muscle mass and function","volume":"31","author":"Stephens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2010.07.003","article-title":"Effects of combined hormone replacement therapy or its effective agents on the IGF-1 pathway in skeletal muscle","volume":"20","author":"P\u00f6ll\u00e4nen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Growth Horm. IGF Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.12.015","article-title":"Sex differences in the relationship of IL-6 signaling to cancer cachexia progression","volume":"1852","author":"Hetzler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04010-3","article-title":"Oestrogen engages brain MC4R signalling to drive physical activity in female mice","volume":"599","author":"Krause","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12295","article-title":"A randomized trial of adjunct testosterone for cancer-related muscle loss in men and women","volume":"9","author":"Wright","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib79","first-page":"243","article-title":"Mechanisms for fiber-type specificity of skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.4.1321","article-title":"Aging of skeletal muscle: A 12-yr longitudinal study","volume":"88","author":"Frontera","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(88)80007-1","article-title":"Brain neurotransmitters and eating behavior in the elderly","volume":"9","author":"Leibowitz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.01.009","article-title":"An Acetylation Switch of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Regulates Aging-associated Chronic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance","volume":"31","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.10.023","article-title":"GDF-15 Neutralization Alleviates Platinum-Based Chemotherapy-Induced Emesis, Anorexia, and Weight Loss in Mice and Nonhuman Primates","volume":"32","author":"Breen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04133-7","article-title":"Aldehyde-driven transcriptional stress triggers an anorexic DNA damage response","volume":"600","author":"Mulderrig","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.07.003","article-title":"Dexamethasone-induced muscular atrophy is mediated by functional expression of connexin-based hemichannels","volume":"1862","author":"Cea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib86","article-title":"Mutant glucocorticoid receptor binding elements on the interleukin-6 promoter regulate dexamethasone effects","volume":"22","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2016.431","article-title":"The impact of body composition parameters on ipilimumab toxicity and survival in patients with metastatic melanoma","volume":"116","author":"Daly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14010186","article-title":"The systemic inflammatory response identifies patients with adverse clinical outcome from immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Muhammed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3686","article-title":"Elevation of circulating branched chain amino acids is an early event in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma development","volume":"20","author":"Mayers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2410153","article-title":"Early development of protein metabolic perturbations in the liver and skeletal muscle of tumour-bearing rats. A model system for cancer cachexia","volume":"241","author":"Tessitore","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib91","article-title":"Leptin induces muscle wasting in a zebrafish kras-driven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(88)90084-4","article-title":"Effects of chronic infusion of lipopolysaccharide on food intake and body temperature of the rat","volume":"42","author":"O\u2019Reilly","year":"1988","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H615","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00206.2001","article-title":"Heart failure and greater infarct expansion in middle-aged mice: A relevant model for postinfarction failure","volume":"282","author":"Gould","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI22521","article-title":"Role of leptin and melanocortin signaling in uremia-associated cachexia","volume":"115","author":"Cheung","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib95","first-page":"455","article-title":"Cancer and chemotherapy-related upper gastrointestinal symptoms: The role of abnormal gastric motor function and its evaluation in cancer patients","volume":"10","author":"Nelson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1993.174","article-title":"Interleukin-6\u00a0cdna transfected lewis lung carcinoma cells show unaltered net tumour growth rate but cause weight loss and shorten survival in syngenic mice","volume":"67","author":"Ohe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib97","first-page":"968","article-title":"Feeding Response to Change in Absorbable Food Fraction During Growth of Walker 256 Carcinosarcoma","volume":"32","author":"Morrison","year":"1972","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)91106-7","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1\u03b2: suppression of food intake by direct action in the central nervous system","volume":"448","author":"Plata-Salam\u00e1n","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib99","first-page":"2290","article-title":"Experimental Cancer Cachexia Induced by Transplantable Colon 26 Adenocarcinoma in Mice","volume":"50","author":"Tanaka","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2005.04.023","article-title":"Trp53R172H and KrasG12D cooperate to promote chromosomal instability and widely metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice","volume":"7","author":"Hingorani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0054-2","article-title":"Metastatic cancers promote cachexia through ZIP14 upregulation in skeletal muscle","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00715","article-title":"Syngeneic B16F10 melanoma causes cachexia and impaired skeletal muscle strength and locomotor activity in mice","volume":"8","author":"Voltarelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib103","first-page":"R659","article-title":"Cachectin\/TNF redistribution or IL-1alpha induces cachexia with redistribution of body proteins","volume":"256","author":"Fong","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-005-0179-0","article-title":"Ghrelin alleviates cancer chemotherapy-associated dyspepsia in rodents","volume":"58","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib105","first-page":"539","article-title":"Characterization of a transplantable adenocarcinoma of the mouse colon producing cachexia in recipient animals","volume":"78","author":"Bibby","year":"1987","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1159\/000225345","article-title":"Total parenteral nutrition and inhibition of gluconeogenesis on tumor-host responses","volume":"36","author":"Grubbs","year":"1979","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib107","first-page":"139","article-title":"Malignant Drosophila tumors interrupt signaling to induce cachexia-like wasting","volume":"176","author":"Figueroa-Clarevega","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-09-0397","article-title":"Genetic and pharmacologic blockade of central melanocortin signaling attenuates cardiac cachexia in rodent models of heart failure","volume":"206","author":"Scarlett","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib109","first-page":"1432","article-title":"Role of the central melanocortin system in cachexia","volume":"61","author":"Marks","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(94)90339-5","article-title":"Reduction in food and water intake induced by microinjection of interleukin-1\u03b2 in the ventromedial hypothalamus of the rat","volume":"56","author":"Kent","year":"1994","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib111","first-page":"1405","article-title":"Effects related to indomethacin prolonged survival and decreased tumor growth in a mouse tumor model with cytokine dependent cancer cachexia","volume":"7","author":"Lonnroth","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib112","first-page":"139","article-title":"Modeling Human Cancer-Induced Cachexia","volume":"176","author":"Talbert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.20136544","article-title":"Characterization of the male ApcMin\/+ mouse as a hypogonadism model related to cancer cachexia","volume":"2","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.8.8324","article-title":"Reversal of cancer anorexia by blockade of central melanocortin receptors in rats","volume":"142","author":"Wisse","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"02048955","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204895","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection triggers chronic cachexia and sustained commensal dysbiosis in mice","volume":"13","author":"Hatter","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)03028-0","article-title":"Anti-cachectic effect of ghrelin in nude mice bearing human melanoma cells","volume":"301","author":"Hanada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2004.09.010","article-title":"Small animal model of HIV-1 infection","volume":"31","author":"Rytik","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1139\/y95-724","article-title":"Stimulation of brown adipose tissue activity in tumor-bearing rats","volume":"73","author":"Oudart","year":"1995","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4171","article-title":"An AMP-activated protein kinase-stabilizing peptide ameliorates adipose tissue wasting in cancer cachexia in mice","volume":"22","author":"Rohm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4372","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-3536","article-title":"Activation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and dysregulated lipid metabolism associated with cancer cachexia in mice","volume":"72","author":"Tsoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0261-5614(91)90077-P","article-title":"Energy expenditure and protein synthesis rates in an animal model of cancer\u00a0cachexia","volume":"10","author":"Plumb","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-004-1346-8","article-title":"Effect of cancer cachexia on triacylglycerol\/fatty acid substrate cycling in white adipose tissue","volume":"39","author":"Beck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-008-0113-7","article-title":"Metabolomic analysis of cancer cachexia reveals distinct lipid and glucose alterations","volume":"4","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12626","article-title":"High levels of modified ceramides are a defining feature of murine and human cancer cachexia","volume":"11","author":"Morigny","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-021-00387-5","article-title":"Tumour\u2013host interactions through the lens of Drosophila","volume":"21","author":"Bilder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iyab235","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyab235","article-title":"FlyPhoneDB: an integrated web-based resource for cell\u2013cell communication prediction in Drosophila","volume":"220","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22599-x","article-title":"Proteomics of protein trafficking by in\u00a0vivo tissue-specific labeling","volume":"12","author":"Droujinine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9836-3","article-title":"Prevalence of cachexia in chronic heart failure and characteristics of body composition and metabolic status","volume":"43","author":"Christensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600236","article-title":"Development of an in-vitro model system to investigate the mechanism of muscle protein catabolism induced by proteolysis-inducing factor","volume":"86","author":"Gomes-Marcondes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"02054677","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205467","article-title":"Muscle regeneration is disrupted by cancer cachexia without loss of muscle stem cell potential","volume":"13","author":"Inaba","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3106","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13094","article-title":"Engineered skeletal muscle recapitulates human muscle development, regeneration and dystrophy","volume":"13","author":"Shahriyari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.045708","article-title":"Effect of tumor burden and subsequent surgical resection on skeletal muscle mass and protein turnover in colorectal cancer patients","volume":"96","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-016-0522-0","article-title":"Study Design and Rationale for the Phase 3 Clinical Development Program of Enobosarm, a Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator, for the Prevention and Treatment of Muscle Wasting in Cancer Patients (POWER Trials)","volume":"18","author":"Crawford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00558-6","article-title":"Anamorelin in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and cachexia (ROMANA 1 and ROMANA 2): results from two randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trials","volume":"17","author":"Temel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3299","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.10.3299","article-title":"Randomized Comparison of Megestrol Acetate Versus Dexamethasone Versus Fluoxymesterone for the Treatment of Cancer Anorexia\/Cachexia","volume":"17","author":"Loprinzi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/082585979401000105","article-title":"A phase II study of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol for appetite stimulation in cancer-associated anorexia","volume":"10","author":"Nelson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Palliat. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3401","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.5724","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study of eicosapentaenoic acid diester in patients with cancer cachexia","volume":"24","author":"Fearon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/rco2.54","article-title":"Lenalidomide in cancer cachexia: a randomized trial of an anticancer drug applied for anti-cachexia","volume":"5","author":"Blum","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCSM Rapid Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12799","article-title":"Feasibility and efficacy of enteral tube feeding on weight stability, lean body mass, and patient-reported outcomes in pancreatic cancer cachexia","volume":"12","author":"Gresham","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.07.027","article-title":"Effects of enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition on survival in patients with advanced cancer cachexia: Analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Amano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12758","article-title":"Association of circulating PLA2G7 levels with cancer cachexia and assessment of darapladib as a therapy","volume":"12","author":"Morigny","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12573","article-title":"Evaluation of automated computed tomography segmentation to assess body composition and mortality associations in cancer patients","volume":"11","author":"Cespedes Feliciano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-014-3092-6","article-title":"Neuromarkers of Fatigue and Cognitive Complaints Following Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Prospective fMRI Investigation","volume":"147","author":"Askren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-010-0456-9","article-title":"Positive correlations between tumor uptake on FDG PET and energy expenditure of patients with esophageal cancer","volume":"25","author":"Mitamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000002658","article-title":"Diffusely Decreased Liver Uptake on FDG PET and Cancer-Associated Cachexia With Reduced Survival","volume":"44","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib146","article-title":"Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome is characterized by more than one inflammatory pathway. Poster Present","author":"Murphy","year":"2021","journal-title":"6th Annu. Cancer Cachexia Conf. Bridg. Mol. Adv. to Clin. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12307","article-title":"Three cachexia phenotypes and the impact of fat-only loss on survival in FOLFIRINOX therapy for pancreatic cancer","volume":"9","author":"Kays","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0261175","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261175","article-title":"REVOLUTION (Routine EValuatiOn of people LivIng with caNcer)\u2014Protocol for a prospective characterisation study of patients with incurable cancer","volume":"16","author":"Patton","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib149","first-page":"365","article-title":"Weight loss versus muscle loss: re-evaluating inclusion criteria for future cancer cachexia interventional trials","volume":"25","author":"Roeland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1345","article-title":"Definition of cancer cachexia: Effect of weight loss, reduced food intake, and systemic inflammation on functional status and prognosis","volume":"83","author":"Fearon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.07.002","article-title":"Clinical utility of the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score to classify cachexia in patients with advanced cancer in palliative care","volume":"39","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30006-2","article-title":"MABp1 as a novel antibody treatment for advanced colorectal cancer: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study","volume":"18","author":"Hickish","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."}],"container-title":["Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0092867423003252?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0092867423003252?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T12:07:27Z","timestamp":1758802047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0092867423003252"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":152,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0092867423003252"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0092-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0092-8674","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cachexia: A systemic consequence of progressive, unresolved disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}