{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:47:24Z","timestamp":1793155644719,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000589","name":"Chief Scientist Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007192","name":"Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIENTER-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIENTER-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91715359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91715359"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T10:35:44Z","timestamp":1722508544000},"page":"4571-4585.e15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Host and environmental factors shape upper airway microbiota and respiratory health across the human lifespan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"187","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3601-4067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mari-Lee","family":"Odendaal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter A.A.","family":"de Steenhuijsen Piters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eelco","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei Ling J.N.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elske M.","family":"van Logchem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raiza","family":"Hasrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sjoerd","family":"Kuiling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roan","family":"Pijnacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Mariman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Trzci\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona R.M.","family":"van der Klis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth A.M.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidwien A.M.","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2651-7000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debby","family":"Bogaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thijs","family":"Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201602-0220OC","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal Microbiota, Host Transcriptome, and Disease Severity in Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection","volume":"194","author":"de Steenhuijsen Piters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30449-1","article-title":"Bacterial and viral respiratory tract microbiota and host characteristics in children with\u00a0lower respiratory tract infections: a matched case-control study","volume":"7","author":"Man","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.03.008","article-title":"The infant nasopharyngeal microbiome impacts severity of lower respiratory infection and risk of asthma development","volume":"17","author":"Teo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61136-3","article-title":"The role of the microbiome in exacerbations of chronic lung diseases","volume":"384","author":"Dickson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00825-3","article-title":"The oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease","volume":"20","author":"Tonelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.14","article-title":"The microbiota of the respiratory tract: gatekeeper to respiratory health","volume":"15","author":"Man","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0294","article-title":"The role of the local microbial ecosystem in respiratory health and disease","volume":"370","author":"de Steenhuijsen Piters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-019-0703-z","article-title":"The microbiome of the upper respiratory tract in health and disease","volume":"17","author":"Kumpitsch","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.05.031","article-title":"Development of Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiota in Infancy is Affected by Mode of Delivery","volume":"9","author":"Bosch","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201401-0073OC","article-title":"The impact of breastfeeding on nasopharyngeal microbial communities in infants","volume":"190","author":"Biesbroek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-01043-2","article-title":"Early-life viral infections are associated with disadvantageous immune and microbiota profiles and recurrent respiratory infections","volume":"7","author":"de Steenhuijsen Piters","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201407-1240OC","article-title":"Early respiratory microbiota composition determines bacterial succession patterns and respiratory health in children","volume":"190","author":"Biesbroek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201703-0554OC","article-title":"Maturation of the Infant Respiratory Microbiota, Environmental Drivers, and Health Consequences. A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"196","author":"Bosch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.05.034","article-title":"The association between bacteria colonizing the upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract infection in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Claassen-Weitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05620-1","article-title":"The person-to-person transmission landscape of the gut and oral microbiomes","volume":"614","author":"Valles-Colomer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0409-6","article-title":"Transmission of human-associated microbiota along family and social networks","volume":"4","author":"Brito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015216","article-title":"Disordered microbial communities in the upper respiratory tract of cigarette smokers","volume":"5","author":"Charlson","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103538","article-title":"Airway microbial communities, smoking and asthma in a general population sample","volume":"71","author":"Turek","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBiomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4019-y","article-title":"Third national biobank for population-based seroprevalence studies in the Netherlands, including the Caribbean Netherlands","volume":"19","author":"Verberk","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05618-9","article-title":"Associations and recovery dynamics of the nasopharyngeal microbiota during influenza-like illness in the aging population","volume":"12","author":"Shetty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16224-6","article-title":"A quantitative sequencing framework for absolute abundance measurements of mucosal and lumenal microbial communities","volume":"11","author":"Barlow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuu010","article-title":"Microbial endocrinology: the interplay between the microbiota and the endocrine system","volume":"39","author":"Neuman","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21195","article-title":"Medical therapy reduces microbiota diversity and evenness in surgically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.02.021","article-title":"Developmental trajectory of the healthy human gut microbiota during the first 5 years of life","volume":"29","author":"Roswall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00852-20","article-title":"Dolosigranulum pigrum Cooperation and Competition in Human Nasal Microbiota","volume":"5","author":"Brugger","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2016.1203502","article-title":"Sex differences and hormonal effects on gut microbiota composition in mice","volume":"7","author":"Org","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.011","article-title":"Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation","volume":"157","author":"Belkaid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib28","series-title":"Wheater's Functional Histology","author":"Young","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib29","article-title":"Anatomy and development of oral cavity and pharynx","author":"German","year":"2006","journal-title":"GI Motility online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201810-1993OC","article-title":"Loss of Microbial Topography between Oral and Nasopharyngeal Microbiota and Development of Respiratory Infections Early in Life","volume":"200","author":"Man","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.01.018","article-title":"Mother-to-infant microbiota transmission and infant microbiota development across multiple body sites","volume":"31","author":"Bogaert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00939-2020","article-title":"Microbial and clinical factors are related to recurrence of symptoms after childhood lower respiratory tract infection","volume":"7","author":"de Koff","year":"2021","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib33","article-title":"Microbiota Composition in Upper Respiratory Tracts of Healthy Children in Shenzhen, China, Differed with Respiratory Sites and Ages","volume":"2018","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.250","article-title":"Culture and molecular-based profiles show shifts in bacterial communities of the upper respiratory tract that occur with age","volume":"9","author":"Stearns","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59016-0","article-title":"Patterns of Oral Microbiota Diversity in Adults and Children: A Crowdsourced Population Study","volume":"10","author":"Burcham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.3390\/v14071521","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota of Children and Adults Self-Confined at Home","volume":"14","author":"Rocafort","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01832-5","article-title":"The effects of removing dead bacteria by propidium monoazide on the profile of salivary microbiome","volume":"21","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e928","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac184","article-title":"Age-Related Changes in the Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Are Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection and Symptoms Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults","volume":"75","author":"Hurst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78295-1","article-title":"Comparison of oral microbiome profiles in 18-month-old infants and their parents","volume":"11","author":"Jo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2020.12.001","article-title":"Potential role for age as a modulator of oral nitrate reductase activity","volume":"108","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66658-7","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the development of the saliva microbiome in infants 2\u00a0days to 5 years compared to the microbiome in adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Lif Holgerson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96556-5","article-title":"Benchmarking laboratory processes to characterise low-biomass respiratory microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Hasrat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s41479-017-0027-0","article-title":"Increased risk of pneumonia in residents living near poultry farms: does the upper respiratory tract microbiota play a role?","volume":"9","author":"Smit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pneumonia (Nathan)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107497","article-title":"Air pollution from livestock farms and the oropharyngeal microbiome of COPD patients and controls","volume":"169","author":"van Kersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43344","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43344","article-title":"A randomised clinical study to determine the effect of a toothpaste containing enzymes and proteins on plaque oral microbiome ecology","volume":"7","author":"Adams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.276482.121","article-title":"Diurnal and eating-associated microbial patterns revealed via high-frequency saliva sampling","volume":"32","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017035","article-title":"Variability and diversity of nasopharyngeal microbiota in children: a metagenomic analysis","volume":"6","author":"Bogaert","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000080107","article-title":"Global patterns of 16S rRNA diversity at a depth of millions of sequences per sample","volume":"108","author":"Caporaso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060520","article-title":"Superiority of trans-oral over trans-nasal sampling in detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in adults","volume":"8","author":"Trzci\u0144ski","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02498-06","article-title":"Evaluation and improvement of real-time PCR assays targeting lytA, ply, and psaA genes for detection of pneumococcal DNA","volume":"45","author":"Carvalho","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.29032.2","article-title":"Sustainable data analysis with Snakemake","volume":"10","author":"M\u00f6lder","year":"2021","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0605-2","article-title":"Simple statistical identification and removal of contaminant sequences in marker-gene and metagenomics data","volume":"6","author":"Davis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217","article-title":"phyloseq: An R Package for Reproducible Interactive Analysis and Graphics of Microbiome Census Data","volume":"8","author":"McMurdie","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib55","article-title":"vegan: Ordination methods, diversity analysis and other functions for community and vegetation ecologists","author":"Oksanen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Community Ecology Package Vegan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009442","article-title":"Multivariable association discovery in population-scale meta-omics studies","volume":"17","author":"Mallick","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib57","article-title":"segmented: An R package to Fit Regression Models with Broken-Line Relationships","volume":"8","author":"Muggeo","year":"2008","journal-title":"R news"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib58","series-title":"Dynamics and drivers of the respiratory microbiome in healthy infants","author":"Biesbroek","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032942","article-title":"Deep sequencing analyses of low density microbial communities: working at the boundary of accurate microbiota detection","volume":"7","author":"Biesbroek","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1156695","article-title":"A spitting image: molecular diagnostics applied to saliva enhance detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and pneumococcal serotype carriage","volume":"14","author":"Miellet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2680","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1551","article-title":"Influenza-like Illness Exacerbates Pneumococcal Carriage in Older Adults","volume":"73","author":"Miellet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.7.2565-2571.2001","article-title":"Nomenclature of major antimicrobial-resistant clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae defined by the pneumococcal molecular epidemiology network","volume":"39","author":"McGee","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20573-1","article-title":"Higher off-target amplicon detection rate in MiSeq v3 compared to v2 reagent kits in the context of 16S-rRNA-sequencing","volume":"12","author":"Odendaal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjem.2018.08.001","article-title":"User's guide to correlation coefficients","volume":"18","author":"Akoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turk. J. Emerg. Med."}],"container-title":["Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0092867424007682?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0092867424007682?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T15:21:26Z","timestamp":1777476086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0092867424007682"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0092867424007682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0092-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0092-8674","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Host and environmental factors shape upper airway microbiota and respiratory health across the human lifespan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}