{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:25:48Z","timestamp":1791606348397,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024-I2M-3-025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-I2M-3-025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011186","name":"Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023IOZ0304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023IOZ0304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011186","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011186","name":"Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024IOZ0104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024IOZ0104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011186","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024T170917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024T170917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022T150645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022T150645"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFA1801500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFA1801500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025YFA1805100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YFA1805100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFA1802600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFA1802600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFA1107500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFA1107500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFA1101402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA1101402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFA1802202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFA1802202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32300949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32300949"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["92368203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92368203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32450088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32450088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32230040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32230040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32300671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32300671"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32501026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32501026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["92468302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92468302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32521008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32521008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010097","name":"China Association for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YESS20220104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YESS20220104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:40:57Z","timestamp":1780065657000},"page":"4756-4774.e21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Decoding the spatiotemporal development of human meninges"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Yanxin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongqiu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"She","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuehong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fen","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7893-0721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianwei","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3666","article-title":"The movers and shapers in immune privilege of the CNS","volume":"18","author":"Engelhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.23288","article-title":"Developmental biology of the meninges","volume":"57","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-102319-103410","article-title":"Meningeal Immunity and Its Function in Maintenance of the Central Nervous System in Health and Disease","volume":"38","author":"Alves de Lima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.09.016","article-title":"Early developing B cells undergo negative selection by central nervous system-specific antigens in the meninges","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01108-3","article-title":"Distinct roles of the meningeal layers in CNS autoimmunity","volume":"25","author":"Merlini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.06.045","article-title":"A mast cell receptor mediates post-stroke brain inflammation via a dural-brain axis","volume":"188","author":"Kothari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.06.046","article-title":"Mast cells regulate the brain-dura interface and CSF dynamics","volume":"188","author":"Mamuladze","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01051-9","article-title":"Single-cell profiling of human dura and meningioma reveals cellular meningeal landscape and insights into meningioma immune response","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42825-y","article-title":"Dissecting the human leptomeninges at single-cell resolution","volume":"14","author":"Kearns","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.09.002","article-title":"Molecular anatomy of adult mouse leptomeninges","volume":"111","author":"Pietil\u00e4","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.06.009","article-title":"Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analyses of the Developing Meninges Reveal Meningeal Fibroblast Diversity and Function","volume":"54","author":"DeSisto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.348190.120","article-title":"Single-cell atlas reveals meningeal leukocyte heterogeneity in the developing mouse brain","volume":"35","author":"Zelco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.11.016","article-title":"Spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas reveals the regional specification of the developing human brain","volume":"186","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2026.02.010","article-title":"Decoding the spatiotemporal development of the blood-brain barrier in human cortex","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.609","article-title":"Identification of a progenitor cell of origin capable of generating diverse meningioma histological subtypes","volume":"30","author":"Kalamarides","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.10.004","article-title":"Retinoic acid from the meninges regulates cortical neuron generation","volume":"139","author":"Siegenthaler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.140946","article-title":"CD45: a critical regulator of signaling thresholds in immune cells","volume":"21","author":"Hermiston","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25739","article-title":"A molecular atlas of cell types and zonation in the brain vasculature","volume":"554","author":"Vanlandewijck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25741","article-title":"Population snapshots predict early haematopoietic and erythroid hierarchies","volume":"555","author":"Tusi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03670-5","article-title":"Molecular logic of cellular diversification in the mouse cerebral cortex","volume":"595","author":"Di Bella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.02.004","article-title":"Decoding the temporal and regional specification of microglia in the developing human brain","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-020-00230-3","article-title":"A blood-brain barrier overview on structure, function, impairment, and biomarkers of integrity","volume":"17","author":"Kadry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1207-5","article-title":"Involvement of Claudin-11 in Disruption of Blood-Brain, -Spinal Cord, and -Arachnoid Barriers in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"56","author":"Uchida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2023.03.005","article-title":"Formation and function of the meningeal arachnoid barrier around the developing mouse brain","volume":"58","author":"Derk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101994","article-title":"Neurotransmitter systems in the etiology of major neurological disorders: Emerging insights and therapeutic implications","volume":"89","author":"Nimgampalle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990705)409:3<482::AID-CNE11>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Neuronal, glial, and epithelial localization of gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter 2, a high-affinity gamma-aminobutyric acid plasma membrane transporter, in the cerebral cortex and neighboring structures","volume":"409","author":"Conti","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/children9101439","article-title":"SYT1-Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorder: A Narrative Review","volume":"9","author":"Riggs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2247-3","article-title":"APOE4 leads to blood-brain barrier dysfunction predicting cognitive decline","volume":"581","author":"Montagne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.08.019","article-title":"An immune cell atlas reveals the dynamics of human macrophage specification during prenatal development","volume":"186","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051439","article-title":"Expression of Macrophage Scavenger Receptor (MSR1) in Peripheral Blood Cells from Patients with Different Respiratory Diseases: Beyond Monocytes","volume":"11","author":"Baos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2316-7","article-title":"Deciphering human macrophage development at single-cell resolution","volume":"582","author":"Bian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5371","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-08-038422","article-title":"Functional specialization of human circulating CD16 and CD1c myeloid dendritic-cell subsets","volume":"109","author":"Piccioli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib33","article-title":"Cellular hierarchy insights reveal leukemic stem-like cells and early death risk in acute promyelocytic leukemia","volume":"15","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.009","article-title":"Fate Mapping via Ms4a3-Expression History Traces Monocyte-Derived Cells","volume":"178","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.03.016","article-title":"Niche-specific therapeutic targeting of myeloid cells in the central nervous system","volume":"58","author":"Frosch","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.15967.1","article-title":"Vimentin on the move: new developments in cell migration","volume":"7","author":"Battaglia","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06200-7","article-title":"Dedicated macrophages organize and maintain the enteric nervous system","volume":"618","author":"Viola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21246-9","article-title":"Inference and analysis of cell-cell communication using CellChat","volume":"12","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.12.040","article-title":"Functional characterization of the dural sinuses as a neuroimmune interface","volume":"184","author":"Rustenhoven","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1764","article-title":"Meninges control tangential migration of hem-derived Cajal-Retzius cells via CXCL12\/CXCR4 signaling","volume":"9","author":"Borrell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4602-07.2008","article-title":"Regional distribution of cortical interneurons and development of inhibitory tone are regulated by Cxcl12\/Cxcr4 signaling","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071091","article-title":"ApoER2 and VLDLr are required for mediating reelin signalling pathway for normal migration and positioning of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons","volume":"8","author":"Sharaf","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.03.226","article-title":"TREM2 modulates microglia phenotypes in the neuroinflammation of Parkinson's disease","volume":"499","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.08.008","article-title":"The TREM2-APOE Pathway Drives the Transcriptional Phenotype of Dysfunctional Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"47","author":"Krasemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01475-4","article-title":"TREM2 macrophages drive NK cell paucity and dysfunction in lung cancer","volume":"24","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.054","article-title":"Lipid-Associated Macrophages Control Metabolic Homeostasis in a Trem2-Dependent Manner","volume":"178","author":"Jaitin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13989","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophages originate from yolk-sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors","volume":"518","author":"Gomez Perdiguero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3703","article-title":"Ontogeny and homeostasis of CNS myeloid cells","volume":"18","author":"Prinz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00486","article-title":"Ontogeny of Tissue-Resident Macrophages","volume":"6","author":"Hoeffel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3423","article-title":"Origin, fate and dynamics of macrophages at central nervous system interfaces","volume":"17","author":"Goldmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2023.10.012","article-title":"Transcription factor NFYa controls cardiomyocyte metabolism and proliferation during mouse fetal heart development","volume":"58","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2016.02.011","article-title":"NF-YA splice variants have different roles on muscle differentiation","volume":"1859","author":"Basile","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.01.015","article-title":"Single-Cell Transcriptome Atlas of Murine Endothelial Cells","volume":"180","author":"Kalucka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.11.1313","article-title":"Dll4, a novel Notch ligand expressed in arterial endothelium","volume":"14","author":"Shutter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.291004","article-title":"The Notch target genes Hey1 and Hey2 are required for embryonic vascular development","volume":"18","author":"Fischer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01742-7","article-title":"Shear-induced Notch-Cx37-p27 axis arrests endothelial cell cycle to enable arterial specification","volume":"8","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.09.004","article-title":"Ensembles of endothelial and mural cells promote angiogenesis in prenatal human brain","volume":"185","author":"Crouch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4025","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-02-270819","article-title":"Identification and functional analysis of endothelial tip cell-enriched genes","volume":"116","author":"del Toro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.12.001","article-title":"An Integrated Gene Expression Landscape Profiling Approach to Identify Lung Tumor Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity and Angiogenic Candidates","volume":"37","author":"Goveia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.08.020","article-title":"Spatiotemporal insight into early pregnancy governed by immune-featured stromal cells","volume":"186","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00671-2","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals cellular heterogeneity in the ascending aortas of normal and high-fat diet-fed mice","volume":"53","author":"Kan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20211248","article-title":"Multimerin-1 and cancer: a review","volume":"42","author":"Posner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-020-09727-9","article-title":"Heterogeneity and chimerism of endothelial cells revealed by single-cell transcriptome in orthotopic liver tumors","volume":"23","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108566","article-title":"Aging-Associated Alterations in Mammary Epithelia and Stroma Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1588407","article-title":"Lineage tracing demonstrates the venous origin of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature","volume":"21","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.36187","article-title":"Transcriptional and epigenomic landscapes of CNS and non-CNS vascular endothelial cells","volume":"7","author":"Sabbagh","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07493-y","article-title":"Single-cell atlas of the human brain vasculature across development, adulthood and disease","volume":"632","author":"W\u00e4lchli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2021.05.016","article-title":"Shear forces induce ICAM-1 nanoclustering on endothelial cells that impact on T-cell migration","volume":"120","author":"Piechocka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13081194","article-title":"LFA-1\/ICAM-1 Adhesion Pathway Mediates the Homeostatic Migration of Lymphocytes from Peripheral Tissues into Lymph Nodes through Lymphatic Vessels","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.04.003","article-title":"Advances in meningeal immunity","volume":"24","author":"Rua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.04.008","article-title":"Neural-activity-regulated and glia-mediated control of brain lymphatic development","volume":"188","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.02.022","article-title":"Meningeal lymphatics-microglia axis regulates synaptic physiology","volume":"188","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0393-4","article-title":"A single-cell atlas of mouse brain macrophages reveals unique transcriptional identities shaped by ontogeny and tissue environment","volume":"22","author":"Van Hove","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02568-y","article-title":"Defects in lysosomal function and lipid metabolism in human microglia harboring a TREM2 loss of function mutation","volume":"145","author":"Filipello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194.e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.01.015","article-title":"A novel mutation in TREM2 gene causing Nasu-Hakola disease and review of the literature","volume":"53","author":"Dardiotis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2017.01.001","article-title":"GSA: Genome Sequence Archive","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.048","article-title":"Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data","volume":"184","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2019.03.003","article-title":"DoubletFinder: Doublet detection in single-cell RNA sequencing data using artificial nearest neighbors","volume":"8","author":"McGinnis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0619-0","article-title":"Fast, sensitive and accurate integration of single-cell data with harmony","volume":"16","author":"Korsunsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4150","article-title":"Single-cell mRNA quantification and differential analysis with census","volume":"14","author":"Qiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.46471\/gigabyte.111","article-title":"SAW: An efficient and accurate data analysis workflow for stereo-seq spatial transcriptomics","volume":"2024","author":"Gong","year":"2024","journal-title":"GigaByte"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01264-7","article-title":"Deep learning and alignment of spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomes with tangram","volume":"18","author":"Biancalani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-01018-x","article-title":"Cellpose: A generalist algorithm for cellular segmentation","volume":"18","author":"Stringer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01728-4","article-title":"Screening cell-cell communication in spatial transcriptomics via collective optimal transport","volume":"20","author":"Cang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635","article-title":"STAR: Ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner","volume":"29","author":"Dobin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-323","article-title":"RSEM: Accurate transcript quantification from RNA-seq data with or without a reference genome","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4402","article-title":"Reversed graph embedding resolves complex single-cell trajectories","volume":"14","author":"Qiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"}],"container-title":["Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0092867426005076?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0092867426005076?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T05:21:10Z","timestamp":1786080070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0092867426005076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0092867426005076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040","relation":{},"ISSN":["0092-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0092-8674","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Decoding the spatiotemporal development of human meninges","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2026.04.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}