{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:47:02Z","timestamp":1792079222354,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,10,15]],"date-time":"2027-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1823558400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":379,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001381","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000305","name":"Sight Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRN008_Ting_Birmingham"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRN008_Ting_Birmingham"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000305","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOH-000655-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOH-000655-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOH-001014-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOH-001014-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOH-001689-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOH-001689-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031826","name":"American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UKRI2441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UKRI2441"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001348","name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A20H4g2141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A20H4g2141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001348","name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H20C6a0032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H20C6a0032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001116","name":"Foundation Fighting Blindness Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001116","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY001583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY001583"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"National Institutes of Health Common Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP5 0D039444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP5 0D039444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016017","name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05\/FY2022\/EX\/66-A128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05\/FY2022\/EX\/66-A128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016017","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016017","name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Duke-NUS\/RSF\/2021\/0018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Duke-NUS\/RSF\/2021\/0018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016017","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016017","name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05\/FY2020\/EX\/15-A58"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05\/FY2020\/EX\/15-A58"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016017","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:08:43Z","timestamp":1789657723000},"page":"6574-6588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toward autonomous science with agentic artificial intelligence"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1078-2504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucie Y.","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1081-1141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darren S.J.","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1480-6713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyi","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Aliper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7067-8966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Zhavoronkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2264-7174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel S.W.","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03983-2","article-title":"Generative artificial intelligence in medicine","volume":"31","author":"Teo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02448-8","article-title":"Large language models in medicine","volume":"29","author":"Thirunavukarasu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17216","article-title":"Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in Retinal Fundus Photographs","volume":"316","author":"Gulshan","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21056","article-title":"Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks","volume":"542","author":"Esteva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4884","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00683","article-title":"Predicting Protein-Protein Interactions from the Molecular to the Proteome Level","volume":"116","author":"Keskin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-017-1700-2","article-title":"Sequence-based prediction of protein protein interaction using a deep-learning algorithm","volume":"18","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9848","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46369-4","article-title":"Predicting Protein-Protein Interactions from Matrix-Based Protein Sequence Using Convolution Neural Network and Feature-Selective Rotation Forest","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4235","article-title":"A universal SNP and small-indel variant caller using deep neural networks","volume":"36","author":"Poplin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2892","article-title":"A general framework for estimating the relative pathogenicity of human genetic variants","volume":"46","author":"Kircher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04043-8","article-title":"Disease variant prediction with deep generative models of evolutionary data","volume":"599","author":"Frazer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn8197","article-title":"The landscape of tolerated genetic variation in humans and primates","volume":"380","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-026-10644-y","article-title":"Accelerating scientific discovery with Co-Scientist","volume":"655","author":"Gottweis","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-026-10652-y","article-title":"A multi-agent system for automating scientific discovery","volume":"655","author":"Ghareeb","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadz4351","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adz4351","article-title":"Autonomous biomedical research with an artificial intelligence agent","volume":"393","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100935","article-title":"Autonomous Artificial Intelligence in Diabetic Retinopathy Testing\u2014Lessons Learned on Successful Health System Adoption","volume":"6","author":"Teng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-023-00832-0","article-title":"Integrating QSAR modelling and deep learning in drug discovery: the emergence of deep QSAR","volume":"23","author":"Tropsha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1923-7","article-title":"Improved protein structure prediction using potentials from deep learning","volume":"577","author":"Senior","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2","article-title":"Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold","volume":"596","author":"Jumper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj8754","article-title":"Accurate prediction of protein structures and interactions using a three-track neural network","volume":"373","author":"Baek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ade2574","article-title":"Evolutionary-scale prediction of atomic-level protein structure with a language model","volume":"379","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D439","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1061","article-title":"AlphaFold Protein Structure Database: massively expanding the structural coverage of protein-sequence space with high-accuracy models","volume":"50","author":"Varadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07487-w","article-title":"Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with AlphaFold 3","volume":"630","author":"Abramson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-024-02201-0","article-title":"scGPT: toward building a foundation model for single-cell multi-omics using generative AI","volume":"21","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06139-9","article-title":"Transfer learning enables predictions in network biology","volume":"618","author":"Theodoris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06415-8","article-title":"De novo design of protein structure and function with RFdiffusion","volume":"620","author":"Watson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib28","article-title":"Data Extractions Using a Large Language Model (Elicit) and Human Reviewers in Randomized Controlled Trials: A Systematic Comparison","volume":"3","author":"Bianchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cochrane Evid. Synth. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.device.2023.100111","article-title":"PyLabRobot: An open-source, hardware-agnostic interface for liquid-handling robots and accessories","volume":"1","author":"Wierenga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Device"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib30","article-title":"Can LLMs Generate Novel Research Ideas? A Large-Scale Human Study with 100+ NLP Researchers","author":"Si","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib31","article-title":"The Ideation-Execution Gap: Execution Outcomes of LLM-Generated versus Human Research Ideas","author":"Si","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002503","article-title":"Prediction of Drug-Target Interactions and Drug Repositioning via Network-Based Inference","volume":"8","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10331","article-title":"Network-based in silico drug efficacy screening","volume":"7","author":"Guney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1132939","article-title":"The Connectivity Map: Using Gene-Expression Signatures to Connect Small Molecules, Genes, and Disease","volume":"313","author":"Lamb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.10.049","article-title":"A Next Generation Connectivity Map: L1000 Platform and the First 1,000,000 Profiles","volume":"171","author":"Subramanian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01134","article-title":"Network-Based Methods for Prediction of Drug-Target Interactions","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4609","article-title":"An analysis of the attrition of drug candidates from four major pharmaceutical companies","volume":"14","author":"Waring","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10081927","article-title":"Acute RhoA\/Rho Kinase Inhibition Is Sufficient to Restore Phagocytic Capacity to Retinal Pigment Epithelium Lacking the Engulfment Receptor MerTK","volume":"10","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40194-5","article-title":"Effect of ripasudil on diabetic macular edema","volume":"9","author":"Minami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-025-01243-x","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of ripasudil on retinal ganglion cells via an antioxidative mechanism","volume":"69","author":"Yamagishi-Kimura","year":"2025","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.06.002","article-title":"AI-driven discovery of GPNMB CAR T cells as a multi-cancer therapy","volume":"189","author":"Baker","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-026-01194-3","article-title":"GPNMB-directed CAR T cell therapy against MiT\/TFE-family fusion-driven solid tumors","volume":"7","author":"Zemp","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-026-10641-1","article-title":"Dual tumour\u2013myeloid targeting of glioblastoma with GPNMB CAR-T cells","volume":"656","author":"Savage","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib44","series-title":"Proceedings of the 43rd International Conference on Machine Learning","article-title":"Position: LLMs can\u2019t jump","volume":"306","author":"Zahavy","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib45","article-title":"Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models","author":"Kaplan","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib46","article-title":"Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib47","series-title":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","first-page":"23881","article-title":"Revisiting Scaling Laws for Language Models: The Role of Data Quality and Training Strategies","author":"Chen","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib48","article-title":"Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameters","author":"Snell","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib49","article-title":"Continual Harness: Online Adaptation for Self-Improving Foundation Agents","author":"Karten","year":"2026","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16961","article-title":"Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search","volume":"529","author":"Silver","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00709-2","article-title":"Development of a large-scale medical visual question-answering dataset","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03185-2","article-title":"A generalist vision\u2013language foundation model for diverse biomedical tasks","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4471","article-title":"SourceData: a semantic platform for curating and searching figures","volume":"14","author":"Liechti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/s44160-022-00231-0","article-title":"The rise of self-driving labs in chemical and materials sciences","volume":"2","author":"Abolhasani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Synth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9633","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.4c00055","article-title":"Self-Driving Laboratories for Chemistry and Materials Science","volume":"124","author":"Tom","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib56","first-page":"432","article-title":"AI-Driven Robotics Laboratory Identifies Pharmacological TNIK Inhibition as a Potent Senomorphic Agent","volume":"17","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-026-03286-y","article-title":"Integration of proteomic aging clocks in a phase 2a clinical trial supports simultaneous geroprotective assessment","author":"Zhavoronkov","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6648","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89069-y","article-title":"Development of the autonomous lab system to support biotechnology research","volume":"15","author":"Fushimi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02236","article-title":"Functional genomic hypothesis generation and experimentation by a robot scientist","volume":"427","author":"King","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1165620","article-title":"The Automation of Science","volume":"324","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.1289","article-title":"Cheaper faster drug development validated by the repositioning of drugs against neglected tropical diseases","volume":"12","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib61","article-title":"BioMARS: A Multi-Agent Robotic System for Autonomous Biological Experiments","author":"Qiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib62","article-title":"Agentic Lab: An Agentic-physical AI system for cell and organoid experimentation and manufacturing","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib63","article-title":"RoboCulture: A Robotics Platform for Automated Biological Experimentation","author":"Angers","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08173-7","article-title":"Autonomous mobile robots for exploratory synthetic chemistry","volume":"635","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-024-03401-9","article-title":"Assessing and mitigating batch effects in large-scale omics studies","volume":"25","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2825","article-title":"Tackling the widespread and critical impact of batch effects in high-throughput data","volume":"11","author":"Leek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib67","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questions","volume":"43","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07421-0","article-title":"Detecting hallucinations in large language models using semantic entropy","volume":"630","author":"Farquhar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(26)00603-3","article-title":"Fabricated citations: an audit across 2.5 million biomedical papers","volume":"407","author":"Topaz","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib70","article-title":"BixBench: a Comprehensive Benchmark for LLM-based Agents in Computational Biology","author":"Mitchener","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0494-7","article-title":"Negative results are disappearing from most disciplines and countries","volume":"90","author":"Fanelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib72","article-title":"Publication bias in clinical trials due to statistical significance or direction of trial results","volume":"2009","author":"Hopewell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)63577-5","article-title":"The Yellow Brick Road to Penicillin: A Story of Serendipity","volume":"72","author":"Henderson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106165","article-title":"Safety by design: Biosafety and biosecurity in the age of synthetic genomics","volume":"26","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib75","article-title":"BioVeil MATRIX: Uncovering and categorizing vulnerabilities of agentic biological AI scientists","author":"Provatas","year":"2026","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib76","article-title":"ABC-Bench: An Agentic Bio-Capabilities Benchmark for Biosecurity","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib77","author":"Mouton"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-026-04438-y","article-title":"AI-induced never-skilling in medical education","volume":"32","author":"Ke","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib80","author":"Wang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-026-01873-2","article-title":"AI systems devise hypotheses and ways to test them","volume":"655","author":"Elemento","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0092867426010639?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0092867426010639?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:15:45Z","timestamp":1792077345000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0092867426010639"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0092867426010639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052","relation":{},"ISSN":["0092-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0092-8674","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Toward autonomous science with agentic artificial intelligence","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.052","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}