{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:05:36Z","timestamp":1787313936215,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]],"date-time":"2013-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1158,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Enzymic isolation, cryopreservation and culture of cells places considerable demand on intracellular antioxidant thiol status. Thiol status is carefully regulated in the cell by the balance of reduced and oxidized thiol species, including glutathione (GSH\/GSSG) and\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010cysteine (\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Cys\/\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010CySS disulphide). These play a pivotal role in redox signaling, cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Thiol depletion exposes cells to \u201cthiol debt\u201d, increasing their vulnerability to sustained pro\u2010oxidant attack and injury. This study focused on the ability of\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Cys\u2010enriched medium to enhance survival and growth of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (hPMC) after prolonged storage at \u2212196 \u00b0C. HPMC derived from human omentum suspended in freezing solution (90% foetal bovine serum, 10% dimethylsulfoxide) were cryopreserved at passage 1 for 6 years. Thawed cells cultured in medium M199 plus or minus\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Cys (0.25 mmol\/L) were subjected to morphological, growth, ultrastructural studies, RT\u2010PCR and cell signaling studies to assess cell function after cryopreservation. Viability of thawed cells was lower (85 \u00b1 3%) than non\u2010frozen control cells (98 \u00b1 2% viable).\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Cys added to the cryopreservation fluid and the post\u2010thaw medium increased cell viability to 94 \u00b1 2%. Cell growth plus\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Cys was 2\u2010fold greater compared with the minus\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Cys controls. The former had a cobblestone appearance. Ultrastructural studies showed lamellar bodies, indicative of surfactant production not evident in cells in minus\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Cys, which were a fibroblastic appearance.\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Cys treated hPMC constitutively expressed message for growth factors, TGF\u03b21, PDGF\u2010A, PDGF\u2010B and PDGF\u03b2\u2010receptor. The functionality of the PDGF\u03b2\u2010receptor was confirmed in fura\u20102 loaded cells with release of intracellular calcium when challenged with exogenous PDGF\u2010BB. The addition of reduced thiols to culture media may have wider application in survival and enhance cell\u2010based therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellbi.2009.08.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,24]],"date-time":"2009-08-24T04:08:35Z","timestamp":1251086915000},"page":"1155-1164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<scp>l<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Cysteine improves survival and growth of mesothelial cells after freezing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Bird","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert 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