{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T12:43:15Z","timestamp":1785328995005,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020828","name":"Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020828","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cellular Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T01:32:51Z","timestamp":1737595971000},"page":"104928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The double-edged sword role of natural Killer cells in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"409-410","author":[{"given":"Delbar","family":"Daneshjou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Masood","family":"Nabavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parisa","family":"Shams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooya","family":"Faranoush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehri","family":"Salari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"s1","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-181474","article-title":"The emerging evidence of the Parkinson pandemic","volume":"8","author":"Dorsey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212379","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: biomarkers for diagnosis and disease progression","volume":"25","author":"Arya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2769-2795.2021.tb00077.x","article-title":"The role of immune cells in the course of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ibrain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.01.009","article-title":"Overexpression of alpha-synuclein promotes both cell proliferation and cell toxicity in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells","volume":"23","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Losada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0025","first-page":"S21","article-title":"The behavior of alpha-synuclein in neurons","volume":"25","author":"Fortin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.3390\/biom5020865","article-title":"Mechanisms of alpha-synuclein action on neurotransmission: cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous role","volume":"5","author":"Emanuele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340110","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1340110","article-title":"Association of immune cell traits with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"16","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.01.013","article-title":"Immunotherapy for neurodegenerative diseases: focus on \u03b1-synucleinopathies","volume":"138","author":"Valera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03040-8","article-title":"The role of CD56(bright) NK cells in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"21","author":"Rodriguez-Mogeda","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6753","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100330","article-title":"CD56brightCD16+ NK cells: a functional intermediate stage of NK cell differentiation","volume":"186","author":"B\u00e9ziat","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.03027.x","article-title":"CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells: an important NK cell subset","volume":"126","author":"Poli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.1.89","article-title":"CD56bright human NK cells differentiate into CD56dim cells: role of contact with peripheral fibroblasts","volume":"179","author":"Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-00505-7","article-title":"The role of natural killer cells in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"52","author":"Earls","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00558-3","article-title":"Natural killer cells in antiviral immunity","volume":"22","author":"Bj\u00f6rkstr\u00f6m","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-021-02400-1","article-title":"NK cell upraise in the dark world of cancer stem cells","volume":"21","author":"Shokouhifar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0080","series-title":"Nature Killer T (NKT) Cells in Cancer. In: Rezaei N, editor. Handbook of Cancer and Immunology. Cham: Springer International Publishing","author":"Ghobadinezhad","year":"2022"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3065","article-title":"Organ-specific features of natural killer cells","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051058","article-title":"Enhancing a natural Killer: modification of NK cells for Cancer immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Islam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03123.x","article-title":"Natural killer cell cytotoxicity: how do they pull the trigger?","volume":"128","author":"Topham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18960","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6520","article-title":"Update on immune-based therapy strategies targeting cancer stem cells","volume":"12","author":"Izadpanah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2007.05.013","article-title":"Natural killer cells of Parkinson\u2019s disease patients are set up for activation: a possible role for innate immunity in the pathogenesis of this disease","volume":"14","author":"Mihara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.06.004","article-title":"Homologous HSV1 and alpha-synuclein peptides stimulate a T cell response in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"310","author":"Caggiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-00505-7","article-title":"The role of natural killer cells in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"52","author":"Earls","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1909110117","article-title":"NK cells clear \u03b1-synuclein and the depletion of NK cells exacerbates synuclein pathology in a mouse model of \u03b1-synucleinopathy","volume":"117","author":"Earls","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00652-y","article-title":"Distinctive CD56(dim) NK subset profiles and increased NKG2D expression in blood NK cells of Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"10","author":"Weber","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2024.106102","article-title":"The role of peripheral inflammation-related biomarkers in distinguishing Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"123","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578154","article-title":"Natural killer cells have an activated profile in early Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"382","author":"Holbrook","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101618","article-title":"Reducing neuroinflammation via therapeutic compounds and lifestyle to prevent or delay progression of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"78","author":"Kip","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0145","article-title":"Pathological role of natural Killer cells in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0609.2003.00081.x","article-title":"Analysis of natural killer (NK) cell activity and adhesion molecules on NK cells from umbilical cord blood","volume":"71","author":"Tanaka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000156501.55431.20","article-title":"Characterization of cord blood natural killer cells: implications for transplantation and neonatal infections","volume":"57","author":"Dalle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0160","first-page":"377","article-title":"High expression of NKG2A\/CD94 and low expression of granzyme B are associated with reduced cord blood NK cell activity","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07768.x","article-title":"The phenotypic and functional characteristics of umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood natural killer cells","volume":"147","author":"Verneris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2014.08.003","article-title":"Differential activation of cord blood and peripheral blood natural killer cells by cytokines","volume":"17","author":"Alnabhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0175","first-page":"3427","article-title":"CAR-NK cell in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"112","author":"Marofi","year":"2021","journal-title":"A promising frontier. Cancer Science."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2024.578290","article-title":"Association of peripheral immune activation with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"388","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00481.2023","article-title":"Genetic causal relationship between multiple immune cell phenotypes and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study","volume":"131","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0190","article-title":"Cytokine and chemokine map of peripheral specific immune cell subsets in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Npj","volume":"9(1):117","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1469","article-title":"Dopaminergic regulation of inflammation and immunity in Parkinson\u2019s disease: friend or foe?","volume":"12","author":"Furgiuele","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical & Translational Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00271-x","article-title":"Specific immune status in Parkinson\u2019s disease at different ages of onset","volume":"8","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000144","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor variants are associated with protection from symptoms associated with more severe course in Parkinson disease","volume":"205","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(99)00176-9","article-title":"Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, influences the immune system","volume":"102","author":"Basu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(99)00144-7","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of dopaminergic and serotonergic activity in the CNS on the activity of the immune system","volume":"101","author":"Mizruchin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-020-09934-7","article-title":"Subthalamic deep brain stimulation affects plasma corticosterone concentration and peripheral immunity changes in rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Grembecka","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. NeuroImmune Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1636-8","article-title":"Intrastriatal injection of preformed alpha-synuclein fibrils alters central and peripheral immune cell profiles in non-transgenic mice","volume":"16","author":"Earls","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1177\/096368979900800606","article-title":"Porcine embryonic brain cell cytotoxicity mediated by human natural killer cells","volume":"8","author":"Sumitran","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."}],"container-title":["Cellular Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0008874925000139?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0008874925000139?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T09:03:37Z","timestamp":1741683817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0008874925000139"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0008874925000139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-8749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-8749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The double-edged sword role of natural Killer cells in Parkinson's disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cellular Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104928","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104928"}}