{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T01:19:10Z","timestamp":1787793550838,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012217","name":"Xuzhou Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XYFY202445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XYFY202445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016355","name":"Xuzhou Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KC23167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KC23167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016355","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cellular Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T23:35:03Z","timestamp":1785368103000},"page":"105142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Astragalus polysaccharides ameliorate ulcerative colitis by targeting the HMGB1\/TLR4 signaling axis to inhibit neutrophil extracellular trap formation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"427","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuangmei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sihui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangxia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10080","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"389","author":"Ungaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000152","article-title":"ACG clinical guideline: ulcerative colitis in adults","volume":"114","author":"Rubin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kobayashi T, Siegmund B, Le Berre C, et al. Ulcerative colitis. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. Sep 10 2020;6(1):74. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-020-0205-x.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0205-x"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl210385","article-title":"What are the different phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia?","volume":"16","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut and Liver."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2021.00115","article-title":"Update on the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: where are we now?","volume":"20","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intestinal Res."},{"issue":"10114","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0","article-title":"Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies","volume":"390","author":"Ng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.04.016","article-title":"Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: an umbrella review of Meta-analyses","volume":"157","author":"Piovani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00360-x","article-title":"The four epidemiological stages in the global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"18","author":"Kaplan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.12.031","article-title":"STRIDE-II: an update on the selecting therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease (STRIDE) initiative of the International Organization for the Study of IBD (IOIBD): determining therapeutic goals for treat-to-target strategies in IBD","volume":"160","author":"Turner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy004","article-title":"Primary non-response to tumor necrosis factor antagonists is associated with inferior response to second-line biologics in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.3390\/gidisord6020038","article-title":"Rising incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in the Asian subcontinent\u2014an exploration of causative factors","volume":"6","author":"Bhayani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1692312","article-title":"Crosstalk between neutrophil extracellular traps and gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis: traditional Chinese medicine strategies","volume":"15","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1159\/000203699","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps: a strategic tactic to defeat pathogens with potential consequences for the host","volume":"1","author":"Medina","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"issue":"5663","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4294","article-title":"An emerging role for neutrophil extracellular traps in noninfectious disease","volume":"23","author":"Jorch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin E, Lai H-J, Cheng Y-K, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps impair intestinal barrier function during experimental colitis. Biomedicines 08\/05 2020;8:275. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines8080275.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8080275"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leppkes M, Lindemann A, G\u00f6\u00dfwein S, et al. Neutrophils prevent rectal bleeding in ulcerative colitis by peptidyl-arginine deiminase-4-dependent immunothrombosis. Gut Dec 2022;71(12):2414\u20132429. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324725.","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324725"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1594","article-title":"High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1): nuclear weapon in the immune arsenal","volume":"5","author":"Lotze","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tadi\u00e9 J-M, Bae H-B, Jiang S, et al. HMGB1 promotes neutrophil extracellular trap formation through interactions with toll-like receptor 4. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 01\/11 2013;304doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.00151.2012.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00151.2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rohrbach A, Slade D, Thompson P, Mowen K. Activation of PAD4 in NET formation. Front. Immunol. 11\/29 2012;3:360. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00360.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00360"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/mi\/2395557","article-title":"HMGB1 exacerbates intestinal barrier damage by inducing ferroptosis through the TLR4\/NF\u2013\u03baB\/GPX4 pathway in ulcerative colitis","volume":"2025","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1364739","article-title":"Astragalus polysaccharide: implication for intestinal barrier, anti-inflammation, and animal production","volume":"11","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0115","article-title":"Astragalus polysaccharides: structure-immunomodulation relationships, multi-target pharmacological activities, and cutting-edge applications in immune modulation","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0120","article-title":"Astragalus polysaccharide ameliorates vascular endothelial dysfunction by stimulating macrophage M2 polarization via potentiating Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway","volume":"112","author":"Sha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomed. Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0125","article-title":"Functional fractions of Astragalus polysaccharides as a potential prebiotic to alleviate ulcerative colitis","volume":"271","author":"Huo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1043236","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of astragalus polysaccharide in ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.775267","article-title":"Receptor-mediated NETosis on neutrophils","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li T, Zhang Z, Li X, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps: signaling properties and disease relevance. Mediators Inflamm. 2020;2020:9254087. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/9254087.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9254087"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izac256","article-title":"Histones of neutrophil extracellular traps directly disrupt the permeability and integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier","volume":"29","author":"Lai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G705","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.281.3.G705","article-title":"Neutrophil-mediated epithelial injury during transmigration: role of elastase","volume":"281","author":"Ginzberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.178525","article-title":"Chlorination of epithelial tight junction proteins by neutrophil myeloperoxidase promotes barrier dysfunction and mucosal inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Cartwright","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.156","article-title":"Activation of AMPK-dependent SIRT-1 by astragalus polysaccharide protects against ochratoxin A-induced immune stress in vitro and in vivo","volume":"120","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.124050","article-title":"Low molecular weight Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice","volume":"367","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng QH, Tong P, Gu LM, Li WJ. Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates metabolic memory-triggered ER stress and apoptosis via regulation of miR-204\/SIRT1 axis in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biosci. Rep. Jan 31 2020;40(1)doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bsr20192121.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20192121"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang H, Wang H, Ju Z, et al. MD-2 is required for disulfide HMGB1-dependent TLR4 signaling. J. Exp. Med. 2 2015;212(1):5\u201314. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20141318.","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20141318"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105681","article-title":"Astragalus polysaccharides attenuated inflammation and balanced the gut microflora in mice challenged with salmonella typhimurium","volume":"74","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang S, Na L, Zhang K, et al. Astragalus polysaccharides restore neutrophil functions and gut microbiota homeostasis in dairy cows with subclinical ketosis. J. Dairy Sci. Nov 2025;108(11):12632\u201312649. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2025-26901.","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2025-26901"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3887","article-title":"Diabetes primes neutrophils to undergo NETosis, which impairs wound healing","volume":"21","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trivedi M, Jana S. Evaluation of anti-oxidation and therapeutic effect of biofield energy healing based novel test formulation using TNBS (tri nitro benzene sulfonic acid) - induced ulcerative colitis in Sprague Dawley rats. Journal of Antioxidant Activity. 02\/19 2021;2:29\u201340. doi:10.14302\/issn.2471-2140.jaa-21-3704.","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2471-2140.jaa-21-3704"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.636954","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps activate proinflammatory functions of human neutrophils","volume":"12","author":"D\u00f6mer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Cellular Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0008874926000833?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0008874926000833?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:35:22Z","timestamp":1787790922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0008874926000833"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0008874926000833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-8749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-8749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Astragalus polysaccharides ameliorate ulcerative colitis by targeting the HMGB1\/TLR4 signaling axis to inhibit neutrophil extracellular trap formation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cellular Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellimm.2026.105142","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105142"}}