{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T01:04:07Z","timestamp":1789693447912,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82205251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82205251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82274638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274638"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cellular Signalling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T23:45:04Z","timestamp":1786491904000},"page":"112818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Electroacupuncture regulates macrophage polarization via the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway to ameliorate endometrial injury in rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Liangjun","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuting","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youbing","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000378","article-title":"A comprehensive review of Asherman\u2019s syndrome: causes, symptoms and treatment options","volume":"29","author":"Salazar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt045","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of intrauterine adhesions after miscarriage: prevalence, risk factors and long-term reproductive outcome","volume":"20","author":"Hooker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10090706","article-title":"Mini-review of the new therapeutic possibilities in Asherman syndrome-where are we after one hundred and twenty-six years?","volume":"10","author":"Doroftei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S165474","article-title":"Asherman\u2019s syndrome: current perspectives on diagnosis and management","volume":"20","author":"Dreisler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.12.007","article-title":"Therapeutic options and drug delivery strategies for the prevention of intrauterine adhesions","volume":"318","author":"Kou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0030","first-page":"8351","article-title":"Efficacy of hysteroscopic cold knife separation on intrauterine adhesions","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5332","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215332","article-title":"Endometrial immune dysfunction in recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"20","author":"Ticconi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2021.02.013","article-title":"Contribution of macrophages to fetomaternal immunological tolerance","volume":"82","author":"Parasar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2020.103264","article-title":"Functional regulation of decidual macrophages during pregnancy","volume":"143","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6425","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26429","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease","volume":"233","author":"Shapouri-Moghaddam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.08.014","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 plays a key role in advanced glycation end products-induced M1 macrophage polarization -ScienceDirect","volume":"531","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2277","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis","volume":"214","author":"Wynn","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4179617","article-title":"Whole transcriptome sequencing reveals how acupuncture and moxibustion increase pregnancy rate in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transplantation","volume":"2019","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0070","first-page":"1959","article-title":"Circular RNA sequencing reveals the molecular mechanism of the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on endometrial receptivity in patients undergoing infertility treatment","volume":"20","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6658321","article-title":"Electroacupuncture improves pregnancy outcomes in rats with thin endometrium by promoting the expression of pinopode-related molecules","volume":"2021","author":"Xi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1326-6","article-title":"The synergistic effect of electroacupuncture and bone mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on repairing thin endometrial injury in rats","volume":"10","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04001-4","article-title":"A neuroanatomical basis for electroacupuncture to drive the vagal-adrenal axis","volume":"598","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4078","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.52574","article-title":"Electroacupuncture ameliorates intestinal inflammation by activating \u03b17nAChR-mediated JAK2\/STAT3 signaling pathway in postoperative ileus","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113941","article-title":"Electroacupuncture promotes resolution of inflammation by modulating SPMs via vagus nerve activation in LPS-induced ALI","volume":"147","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0100","first-page":"2832","article-title":"Effects of electroacupuncture on the regulation of M1\/M2 polarization level of decidual macrophages in rats with thin endometrium","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Sci. Technol.-Moderniz. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.22-0153","article-title":"Evaluation of different rat models intrauterine adhesion models and improvement of the technique for their establishment","volume":"72","author":"Xi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1071\/RD18397","article-title":"Establishment and comparison of different intrauterine adhesion modelling procedures in rats","volume":"31","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0115","first-page":"163","article-title":"Nomenclature and location of acupuncture points for laboratory animals part 2: rat","author":"China Association of Acupuncture and Moxibustion","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J. Acupunct. Moxibustion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5175","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105175","article-title":"Focus on the primary prevention of intrauterine adhesions: current concept and vision","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.10.026","article-title":"Etiology, treatment, and reproductive prognosis of women with moderate-to-severe intrauterine adhesions","volume":"125","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.08.019","article-title":"Hysteroscopic findings in women with primary and secondary infertility due to genital tuberculosis","volume":"104","author":"Sharma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.02.096","article-title":"Asherman syndrome-one century later","volume":"89","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17793","article-title":"Intrauterine adhesions treated with hysteroscopic adhesiolysis and subsequent obstetric outcome: a retrospective matched cohort study","volume":"132","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2013.07.018","article-title":"Efficacy of estrogen therapy in patients with intrauterine adhesions: systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Johary","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.04.008","article-title":"Randomized, controlled trial comparing the efficacy of intrauterine balloon and intrauterine contraceptive device in the prevention of adhesion reformation after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis","volume":"104","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2020.1503","article-title":"Electroacupuncture to improve endometrial receptivity and folliculogenesis in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Budihastuti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Acupunct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10298","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2062524","article-title":"Electroacupuncture improves endometrial receptivity through miRNA-223-3p-mediated regulation of leukemia inhibitory factor \/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway","volume":"13","author":"You","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-025-4216-z","article-title":"Electroacupuncture improves pregnancy outcomes of assisted reproduction and mitochondrial function of granulosa cells in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome of phlegm-dampness syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Pang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0170","first-page":"909","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture combined with pelvic floor muscle electrical stimulation in patients with thin endometrium-related infertility and its effect on endometrial perfusion","volume":"30","author":"Yi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Tradit Med Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0175","first-page":"63","article-title":"Effect of electroacupuncture intervention on relieving pain and inflammation by suppressing TLR4\/NF-kappaB signaling in rats with primary dysmenorrhea","volume":"48","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zhen Ci Yan Jiu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70299","article-title":"Electroacupuncture of Guanyuan (CV4) acupoint improved pelvic inflammatory disease pain by inhibiting neuroinflammation and sympathetic activity","volume":"13","author":"Qu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0185","first-page":"974","article-title":"Electroacupuncture inhibits hippocampal oxidative stress and autophagy in sleep-deprived rats through the protein kinase B and mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway","volume":"44","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0190","article-title":"Electroacupuncture improves ovarian function in rats with tripterygium glycoside-induced diminished ovarian reserve by promoting the polarization of M2 macrophages and inhibiting inflammatory responses","volume":"31","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31487","article-title":"Common and unique mechanisms regulate fibrosis in various fibroproliferative diseases","volume":"117","author":"Wynn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-025-01310-w","article-title":"NF-\u03baB in inflammation and cancer","volume":"22","author":"Mao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.06.016","article-title":"Inflammasomes in chronic liver disease: hepatic injury, fibrosis progression and systemic inflammation","volume":"81","author":"Taru","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioag054","article-title":"L-carnitine ameliorates fibrosis and reproductive dysfunction in intrauterine adhesion via restoration of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation","volume":"114","author":"Peng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5793","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.102424","article-title":"Targeting mitochondria by lipid-selenium conjugate drug results in malate\/fumarate exhaustion and induces mitophagy-mediated necroptosis suppression","volume":"20","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-024-09938-4","article-title":"Emerging insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for vascular endothelial injury-associated diseases: focus on mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"27","author":"Pang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3353","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.70008","article-title":"Potential candidates of natural antioxidants from herbs for treating lung disorders: focus on redox balance and natural products","volume":"39","author":"Chang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaad037","article-title":"Electroacupuncture alleviates intrauterine adhesion through regulating autophagy in rats","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI124615","article-title":"The role of macrophages in the resolution of inflammation","volume":"129","author":"Watanabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.008","article-title":"Macrophage activation and polarization: nomenclature and experimental guidelines","volume":"41","author":"Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5890","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41656-1","article-title":"Decoding the endometrial niche of Asherman\u2019s syndrome at single-cell resolution","volume":"14","author":"Santamaria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.04.021","article-title":"Fibroblast-macrophage reciprocal interactions in health, fibrosis, and cancer","volume":"54","author":"Buechler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0255","first-page":"84","article-title":"A comparative study of two methods for the clearance of macrophages from rat endometrium","volume":"34","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. J. Comp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7837-3_23","article-title":"Depleting macrophages in vivo with clodronate-liposomes","volume":"1784","author":"Moreno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-360-2_13","article-title":"Liposomes for specific depletion of macrophages from organs and tissues","volume":"605","author":"van Rooijen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."}],"container-title":["Cellular Signalling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0898656826004766?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0898656826004766?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:19:17Z","timestamp":1789690757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0898656826004766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0898656826004766"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-6568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-6568","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Electroacupuncture regulates macrophage polarization via the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway to ameliorate endometrial injury in rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cellular Signalling","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112818","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112818"}}