{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T21:42:38Z","timestamp":1783114958061,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]],"date-time":"2018-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008233","name":"School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16XJ11001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16XJ11001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013105","name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16QA1402800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16QA1402800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013105","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004921","name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YG2017MS59"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2017MS59"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]],"date-time":"2018-07-31T10:48:42Z","timestamp":1533034122000},"page":"1355-1362.e3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Direct Conversion of Mouse Fibroblasts into Neural Stem Cells by Chemical Cocktail Requires Stepwise Activation of Growth Factors and Nup210"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yuewen","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12089","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3047-06.2006","article-title":"Leukemia inhibitory factor promotes neural stem cell self-renewal in the adult brain","volume":"26","author":"Bauer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2835","article-title":"Early role for IL-6 signalling during generation of induced pluripotent stem cells revealed by heterokaryon RNA-seq","volume":"15","author":"Brady","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3519","article-title":"Near-optimal probabilistic RNA-seq quantification","volume":"34","author":"Bray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2688","article-title":"Transposition of native chromatin for fast and sensitive epigenomic profiling of open chromatin, DNA-binding proteins and nucleosome position","volume":"10","author":"Buenrostro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib5","article-title":"ATAC-seq: a method for assaying chromatin accessibility genome-wide. Curr. Protoc","volume":"109","author":"Buenrostro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf1502","article-title":"Conversion of human fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes by small molecules","volume":"352","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1529","article-title":"Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling","volume":"27","author":"Chambers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2014.32","article-title":"Generation of neural progenitor cells by chemical cocktails and hypoxia","volume":"24","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.120","article-title":"Direct conversion of astrocytes into neuronal cells by drug cocktail","volume":"25","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.11.020","article-title":"Injury-induced senescence enables in\u00a0vivo reprogramming in skeletal muscle","volume":"20","author":"Chiche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3646","article-title":"Lineage-specific and single-cell chromatin accessibility charts human hematopoiesis and leukemia evolution","volume":"48","author":"Corces","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.11.021","article-title":"A change in nuclear pore complex composition regulates cell differentiation","volume":"22","author":"D\u2019Angelo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.12.007","article-title":"Direct induction of neural progenitor cells transiently passes through a partially reprogrammed state","volume":"119","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.02.021","article-title":"Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into neural stem cells by defined factors","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2012.10.014","article-title":"Highly coordinated proteome dynamics during reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency","volume":"2","author":"Hansson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8022","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.20.8022","article-title":"Expression of the murine fibroblast growth factor 5 gene in the adult central nervous system","volume":"87","author":"Haub","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1239278","article-title":"Pluripotent stem cells induced from mouse somatic cells by small-molecule compounds","volume":"341","author":"Hou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.07.006","article-title":"Direct conversion of normal and Alzheimer\u2019s disease human fibroblasts into neuronal cells by small molecules","volume":"17","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","article-title":"Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2","volume":"9","author":"Langmead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352","article-title":"The Sequence Alignment\/Map format and SAMtools","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.06.003","article-title":"Small-molecule-driven direct reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into functional neurons","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0512-6_4","article-title":"Use Model-based Analysis of ChIP-Seq (MACS) to analyze short reads generated by sequencing protein-DNA interactions in embryonic stem cells","volume":"1150","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7035.1","article-title":"RNA-seq workflow: gene-level exploratory analysis and differential expression","volume":"4","author":"Love","year":"2015","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1630","article-title":"GREAT improves functional interpretation of cis-regulatory regions","volume":"28","author":"McLean","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10964","article-title":"Neural stem and progenitor cells in nestin-GFP transgenic mice","volume":"469","author":"Mignone","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf4445","article-title":"Tissue damage and senescence provide critical signals for cellular reprogramming in\u00a0vivo","volume":"354","author":"Mosteiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/19491034.2016.1162933","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding nuclear size and shape","volume":"7","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.01.005","article-title":"Premature termination of reprogramming in\u00a0vivo leads to cancer development through altered epigenetic regulation","volume":"156","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2005.01.016","article-title":"SOX genes and neural progenitor identity","volume":"15","author":"Pevny","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2004.07.004","article-title":"LIF receptor signaling modulates neural stem cell renewal","volume":"27","author":"Pitman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq033","article-title":"BEDTools: a flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features","volume":"26","author":"Quinlan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W187","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku365","article-title":"deepTools: a flexible platform for exploring deep-sequencing data","volume":"42","author":"Ram\u00edrez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.05.018","article-title":"Direct reprogramming of mouse and human fibroblasts into multipotent neural stem cells with a single factor","volume":"11","author":"Ring","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1754","article-title":"Integrative genomics viewer","volume":"29","author":"Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3108","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.504","article-title":"Current progress in the derivation and therapeutic application of neural stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.03.003","article-title":"Direct conversion of fibroblasts into stably expandable neural stem cells","volume":"10","author":"Thier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2014.07.014","article-title":"Chemical conversion of human fibroblasts into functional Schwann cells","volume":"3","author":"Thoma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13839","article-title":"Mesenchymal-endothelial transition contributes to cardiac neovascularization","volume":"514","author":"Ubil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.06.006","article-title":"Conversion of human gastric epithelial cells to multipotent endodermal progenitors using defined small molecules","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07042","article-title":"A chemical approach to stem-cell biology and regenerative medicine","volume":"453","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.11.054","article-title":"Hippocampal neurogenesis in the APP\/PS1\/nestin-GFP triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"314","author":"Zeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1201-1129","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro differentiation of transplantable neural precursors from human embryonic stem cells","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.09.012","article-title":"Small molecules efficiently reprogram human astroglial cells into functional neurons","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.03.020","article-title":"Pharmacological reprogramming of fibroblasts into neural stem cells by signaling-directed transcriptional activation","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"}],"container-title":["Cell Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211124718310738?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211124718310738?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T10:25:11Z","timestamp":1761906311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211124718310738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S2211124718310738"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-1247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-1247","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Direct Conversion of Mouse Fibroblasts into Neural Stem Cells by Chemical Cocktail Requires Stepwise Activation of Growth Factors and Nup210","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.06.116","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Author(s).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}