{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:58:37Z","timestamp":1791349117533,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,7]],"date-time":"2019-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UM1 AI 00645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI 00645"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UM1 AI144371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI144371"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/K012037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/K012037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100326\/Z\/12\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100326\/Z\/12\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003443","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-15-2019-1789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2019-1789"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003443","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T10:49:50Z","timestamp":1578394190000},"page":"137-152.e5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["CD4+ T Follicular Helper Cells in Human Tonsils and Blood Are Clonally Convergent but Divergent from Non-Tfh CD4+ Cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8492-5614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Brenna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey N.","family":"Davydov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Ladell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"McLaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Bonaiuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Metsger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Ramsden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Lambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne L.","family":"Campion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitriy M.","family":"Chudakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Persephone","family":"Borrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"McMichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13310","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05728-11","article-title":"Infection with seasonal influenza virus elicits CD4 T\u00a0cells specific for genetically conserved epitopes that can be rapidly mobilized for protective immunity to pandemic H1N1 influenza virus","volume":"85","author":"Alam","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/35018581","article-title":"A chemokine-driven positive feedback loop organizes lymphoid follicles","volume":"406","author":"Ansel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0200-5","article-title":"An immunoregulatory and tissue-residency program modulated by c-MAF in human TH17 cells","volume":"19","author":"Aschenbrenner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.3.1767","article-title":"IL-21-induced isotype switching to IgG and IgA by human naive B cells is differentially regulated by IL-4","volume":"181","author":"Avery","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.11.020","article-title":"Persistent antigen and germinal center B cells sustain T follicular helper cell responses and phenotype","volume":"38","author":"Baumjohann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260668","article-title":"Functional heterogeneity of human memory CD4+ T\u00a0cell clones primed by pathogens or vaccines","volume":"347","author":"Becattini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176ra32","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005191","article-title":"Induction of ICOS+CXCR3+CXCR5+ TH cells correlates with antibody responses to influenza vaccination","volume":"5","author":"Bentebibel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3364","article-title":"MiXCR: software for comprehensive adaptive immunity profiling","volume":"12","author":"Bolotin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003853","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003853","article-title":"Loss of circulating CD4 T\u00a0cells with B cell helper function during chronic HIV infection","volume":"10","author":"Boswell","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01660","article-title":"CXCR3+ T follicular helper cells induced by co-administration of RTS,S\/AS01B and viral-vectored vaccines are associated with reduced immunogenicity and efficacy against malaria","volume":"9","author":"Bowyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40733","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040733","article-title":"Pulmonary infection with influenza A virus induces site-specific germinal center and T follicular helper cell responses","volume":"7","author":"Boyden","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.11.1545","article-title":"Follicular B helper T\u00a0cells express CXC chemokine receptor 5, localize to B cell follicles, and support immunoglobulin production","volume":"192","author":"Breitfeld","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8180","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.12.8180","article-title":"Cytokine-mediated regulation of human B cell differentiation into Ig-secreting cells: predominant role of IL-21 produced by CXCR5+ T follicular helper cells","volume":"179","author":"Bryant","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130555","article-title":"Proteome-wide analysis of HIV-specific naive and memory CD4(+) T\u00a0cells in unexposed blood donors","volume":"211","author":"Campion","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.4.1293","article-title":"A subset of CD4+ memory T\u00a0cells contains preformed CD40 ligand that is rapidly but transiently expressed on their surface after activation through the T\u00a0cell receptor complex","volume":"181","author":"Casamayor-Palleja","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521957","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/521957","article-title":"Functional and phenotypic plasticity of CD4(+) T\u00a0cell subsets","volume":"2015","author":"Caza","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5556","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002828","article-title":"CXCR5 expressing human central memory CD4 T\u00a0cells and their relevance for humoral immune responses","volume":"186","author":"Chevalier","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.03.023","article-title":"ICOS receptor instructs T follicular helper cell versus effector cell differentiation via induction of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6","volume":"34","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/jpe\/rtr044","article-title":"Models and estimators linking individual-based and sample-based rarefaction, extrapolation and comparison of assemblages","volume":"5","author":"Colwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Plant Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.10.004","article-title":"T follicular helper cell differentiation, function, and roles in disease","volume":"41","author":"Crotty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a032102","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a032102","article-title":"Do Memory CD4\u00a0T Cells Keep Their Cell-Type Programming: Plasticity versus Fate Commitment? Complexities of interpretation due to the heterogeneity of memory CD4\u00a0T Cells, including T follicular helper cells","volume":"10","author":"Crotty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5625","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501524","article-title":"Reversible reprogramming of circulating memory T follicular helper cell function during chronic HIV infection","volume":"195","author":"Cubas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau3776","article-title":"Recurrent group A Streptococcus tonsillitis is an immunosusceptibility disease involving antibody deficiency and aberrant TFH cells","volume":"11","author":"Dan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05115","article-title":"PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T\u00a0cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression","volume":"443","author":"Day","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1424","article-title":"Transcription factors T-bet and Runx3 cooperate to activate Ifng and silence Il4 in T helper type 1 cells","volume":"8","author":"Djuretic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000209855.28282.ce","article-title":"Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a marker of germinal center-associated T\u00a0cells and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma","volume":"30","author":"Dorfman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181994","article-title":"Human lymphoid organ cDC2 and macrophages play complementary roles in T follicular helper responses","volume":"216","author":"Durand","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34179","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034179","article-title":"Estimating the richness of a population when the maximum number of classes is fixed: a nonparametric solution to an archaeological problem","volume":"7","author":"Eren","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1472","article-title":"Lymphoid reservoirs of antigen-specific memory T helper cells","volume":"8","author":"Fazilleau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81798-5","article-title":"A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of the spleen","volume":"87","author":"F\u00f6rster","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090504","article-title":"Human naive and memory CD4+ T\u00a0cell repertoires specific for naturally processed antigens analyzed using libraries of amplified T\u00a0cells","volume":"206","author":"Geiger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.245","article-title":"Use of human tissue explants to study human infectious agents","volume":"4","author":"Grivel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2010.12.017","article-title":"CXCR3 in T\u00a0cell function","volume":"317","author":"Groom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00016","article-title":"Memory T follicular helper CD4 T\u00a0cells","volume":"6","author":"Hale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2016.09.004","article-title":"Emerging concepts in T follicular helper cell responses to malaria","volume":"47","author":"Hansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib36","series-title":"Regression Modeling Strategies With Applications To Linear Models, Logistic Regression, and Survival Analysis","author":"Harrell","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.10.085","article-title":"Direct probing of germinal center responses reveals immunological features and bottlenecks for neutralizing antibody responses to HIV Env trimer","volume":"17","author":"Havenar-Daughton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5099","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.8.5099","article-title":"Role of CXCR5 and CCR7 in follicular Th cell positioning and appearance of a programmed cell death gene-1high germinal center-associated subpopulation","volume":"179","author":"Haynes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.09.007","article-title":"Circulating precursor CCR7(lo)PD-1(hi) CXCR5+ CD4+ T\u00a0cells indicate Tfh cell activity and promote antibody responses upon antigen reexposure","volume":"39","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib40","first-page":"554","article-title":"High-throughput sequencing of the T-cell receptor repertoire: pitfalls and opportunities","volume":"19","author":"Heather","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.12.004","article-title":"Interferons direct Th2 cell reprogramming to generate a stable GATA-3(+)T-bet(+) cell subset with combined Th2 and Th1 cell functions","volume":"32","author":"Hegazy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161794","article-title":"Vaccination establishes clonal relatives of germinal center T\u00a0cells in the blood of humans","volume":"214","author":"Heit","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaag2152","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aag2152","article-title":"Successive annual influenza vaccination induces a recurrent oligoclonotypic memory response in circulating T follicular helper cells","volume":"2","author":"Herati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20190301","article-title":"The adjuvant GLA-SE promotes human Tfh cell expansion and emergence of public TCR\u03b2 clonotypes","volume":"216","author":"Hill","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12857","article-title":"Comparative analysis of murine T-cell receptor repertoires","volume":"153","author":"Izraelson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.12.1373","article-title":"Subspecialization of CXCR5+ T\u00a0cells: B helper activity is focused in a germinal center-localized subset of CXCR5+ T\u00a0cells","volume":"193","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg085","article-title":"IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database","volume":"31","author":"Lefranc","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003130","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003130","article-title":"Memory T\u00a0cells in latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are directed against three antigenic islands and largely contained in a CXCR3+CCR6+ Th1 subset","volume":"9","author":"Lindestam Arlehamn","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1038\/342929a0","article-title":"Mechanism of antigen-driven selection in germinal centres","volume":"342","author":"Liu","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.031","article-title":"Human circulating PD-1+CXCR3-CXCR5+ memory Tfh cells are highly functional and correlate with broadly neutralizing HIV antibody responses","volume":"39","author":"Locci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3494","article-title":"Activin A programs the differentiation of human TFH cells","volume":"17","author":"Locci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2009.64","article-title":"Early commitment of na\u00efve human CD4(+) T\u00a0cells to the T follicular helper (T(FH)) cell lineage is induced by IL-12","volume":"87","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0187731","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187731","article-title":"Phenotype and specificity of T\u00a0cells in primary human cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy: IL-7Rpos long-term memory phenotype is associated with protection from vertical transmission","volume":"12","author":"Mele","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.10.064","article-title":"Development and characterization of a standardized ELISA including a reference serum on each plate to detect antibodies induced by experimental malaria vaccines","volume":"26","author":"Miura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.12.012","article-title":"Human blood CXCR5(+)CD4(+) T\u00a0cells are counterparts of T follicular cells and contain specific subsets that differentially support antibody secretion","volume":"34","author":"Morita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.05.009","article-title":"Generation of T follicular helper cells is mediated by interleukin-21 but independent of T helper 1, 2, or 17 cell lineages","volume":"29","author":"Nurieva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178334","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying lineage commitment and plasticity of helper CD4+ T\u00a0cells","volume":"327","author":"O\u2019Shea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.09.004","article-title":"Circulating Th1-Cell-type Tfh cells that exhibit impaired B cell help are preferentially activated during acute malaria in children","volume":"13","author":"Obeng-Adjei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6071","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.11.6071-6076.1991","article-title":"Activity of CD4+ T-cell clones of type 1 and type 2 in generation of influenza virus-specific cytotoxic responses in\u00a0vitro","volume":"65","author":"Palladino","year":"1991","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-12-396648","article-title":"Impaired peripheral blood T-follicular helper cell function in HIV-infected nonresponders to the 2009 H1N1\/09 vaccine","volume":"120","author":"Pallikkuth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.29583","article-title":"Matrix M(\u2122) adjuvanted virosomal H5N1 vaccine induces balanced Th1\/Th2 CD4(+) T\u00a0cell responses in man","volume":"10","author":"Pedersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.09.009","article-title":"Opposing signals from the Bcl6 transcription factor and the interleukin-2 receptor generate T helper 1 central and effector memory cells","volume":"35","author":"Pepper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101006","article-title":"B cells and TCR avidity determine distinct functions of CD4+ T\u00a0cells in retroviral infection","volume":"187","author":"Ploquin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20646","article-title":"Optimizing peptide matrices for identifying T-cell antigens","volume":"73","author":"Precopio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytometry A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051357","article-title":"Avidity for antigen shapes clonal dominance in CD8+ T\u00a0cell populations specific for persistent DNA viruses","volume":"202","author":"Price","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib66","first-page":"Unit 10.33","article-title":"Unbiased molecular analysis of T Cell receptor expression using template-switch anchored RT-PCR","volume":"Chapter 10","author":"Quigley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1715","article-title":"Cytokine-secreting follicular T\u00a0cells shape the antibody repertoire","volume":"10","author":"Reinhardt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-017-0379-9","article-title":"Overview of methodologies for T-cell receptor repertoire analysis","volume":"17","author":"Rosati","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.12.006","article-title":"Severe malaria infections impair germinal center responses by inhibiting T follicular helper cell differentiation","volume":"14","author":"Ryg-Cornejo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a029421","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a029421","article-title":"Do Memory CD4\u00a0T Cells Keep Their Cell-Type Programming: Plasticity versus Fate Commitment? T-Cell heterogeneity, plasticity, and selection in humans","volume":"10","author":"Sallusto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12662","article-title":"CD4 T\u00a0cells in protection from influenza virus: Viral antigen specificity and functional potential","volume":"284","author":"Sant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.11.1553","article-title":"CXC chemokine receptor 5 expression defines follicular homing T\u00a0cells with B cell helper function","volume":"192","author":"Schaerli","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.06.012","article-title":"PD-1 controls follicular T helper cell positioning and function","volume":"49","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00466","article-title":"Huge overlap of individual TCR beta repertoires","volume":"4","author":"Shugay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2960","article-title":"Towards error-free profiling of immune repertoires","volume":"11","author":"Shugay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004503","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004503","article-title":"VDJtools: unifying post-analysis of T\u00a0cell receptor repertoires","volume":"11","author":"Shugay","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib77","first-page":"69","article-title":"Prolonged antigen half-life in the lymphoid follicles of specifically immunized mice","volume":"37","author":"Tew","year":"1979","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001700314","article-title":"Tissue localization and retention of antigen in relation to the immune response","volume":"170","author":"Tew","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.06.007","article-title":"Protection by universal influenza vaccine is mediated by memory CD4 T\u00a0cells","volume":"36","author":"Valkenburg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3185","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI125628","article-title":"T follicular helper cells in human efferent lymph retain lymphoid characteristics","volume":"129","author":"Vella","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600143","article-title":"Induction of Th1-biased T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in lymphoid tissues during chronic simian immunodeficiency virus infection defines functionally distinct germinal center Tfh cells","volume":"197","author":"Velu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1714","article-title":"Follicular B helper T\u00a0cells in antibody responses and autoimmunity","volume":"5","author":"Vinuesa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-041015-055605","article-title":"Follicular helper T\u00a0cells","volume":"34","author":"Vinuesa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20141432","article-title":"ICOS maintains the T follicular helper cell phenotype by down-regulating Kr\u00fcppel-like factor 2","volume":"212","author":"Weber","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.07.007","article-title":"A High-dimensional atlas of human T\u00a0cell diversity reveals tissue-specific trafficking and cytokine signatures","volume":"45","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12058","article-title":"Follicular T-helper cell recruitment governed by bystander B cells and ICOS-driven motility","volume":"496","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxt005","article-title":"CD4+ T\u00a0cells recognize unique and conserved 2009 H1N1 influenza hemagglutinin epitopes after natural infection and vaccination","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix328","article-title":"Dysregulated T-helper type 1 (Th1):Th2 cytokine profile and poor immune response in pregnant ferrets infected with 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus","volume":"217","author":"Yoon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903505","article-title":"Germinal center T follicular helper cell IL-4 production is dependent on signaling lymphocytic activation molecule receptor (CD150)","volume":"185","author":"Yusuf","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.01000.x","article-title":"Dissecting the human immunologic memory for pathogens","volume":"240","author":"Zielinski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."}],"container-title":["Cell Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211124719316663?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211124719316663?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T10:47:57Z","timestamp":1761907677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211124719316663"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S2211124719316663"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/743187","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2211-1247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-1247","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"CD4+ T Follicular Helper Cells in Human Tonsils and Blood Are Clonally Convergent but Divergent from Non-Tfh CD4+ Cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Authors.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}