{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:23:35Z","timestamp":1792045415232,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001201","name":"Kavli Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001201","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T10:42:09Z","timestamp":1599561729000},"page":"108123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["A Brainstem Locomotor Circuit Drives the Activity of Speed Cells in the Medial Entorhinal Cortex"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Miguel M.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nouk","family":"Tanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Kropff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menno P.","family":"Witter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"May-Britt","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edvard I.","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902400104","article-title":"An analysis of the origins of the cholinergic and noncholinergic septal projections to the hippocampal formation of the rat","volume":"240","author":"Amaral","year":"1985","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10564-8","article-title":"Layer-specific integration of locomotion and sensory information in mouse barrel cortex","volume":"10","author":"Ayaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3311","article-title":"Grid cells require excitatory drive from the hippocampus","volume":"16","author":"Bonnevie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201652","article-title":"Reduction of theta rhythm dissociates grid cell spatial periodicity from directional tuning","volume":"332","author":"Brandon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3696","article-title":"Parvalbumin interneurons provide grid cell-driven recurrent inhibition in the medial entorhinal cortex","volume":"17","author":"Buetfering","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000291","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000291","article-title":"Accurate path integration in continuous attractor network models of grid cells","volume":"5","author":"Burak","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20327","article-title":"An oscillatory interference model of grid cell firing","volume":"17","author":"Burgess","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00586-X","article-title":"Theta oscillations in the hippocampus","volume":"33","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25448","article-title":"Midbrain circuits that set locomotor speed and gait selection","volume":"553","author":"Caggiano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00686.2017","article-title":"Self-motion processing in visual and entorhinal cortices: inputs, integration, and implications for position coding","volume":"120","author":"Campbell","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0189-y","article-title":"Principles governing the integration of landmark and self-motion cues in entorhinal cortical codes for navigation","volume":"21","author":"Campbell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1215834110","article-title":"How vision and movement combine in the hippocampal place code","volume":"110","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.21","article-title":"Rhythms of the hippocampal network","volume":"17","author":"Colgin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3310","article-title":"Recurrent inhibitory circuitry as a mechanism for grid formation","volume":"16","author":"Couey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00446.x","article-title":"Sustained activation of hippocampal pyramidal cells by \u2018space clamping\u2019 in a running wheel","volume":"11","author":"Czurk\u00f3","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib16","first-page":"3434","article-title":"The firing rate speed code of entorhinal speed cells differs across behaviorally relevant time scales and does not depend on medial septum inputs","volume":"39","author":"Dannenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.03.037","article-title":"Vision and locomotion shape the interactions between neuron types in mouse visual cortex","volume":"98","author":"Dipoppa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.10173","article-title":"Path integration in mammals","volume":"14","author":"Etienne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.4.2029","article-title":"A comparison of the firing properties of putative excitatory and inhibitory neurons from CA1 and the entorhinal cortex","volume":"86","author":"Frank","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.11.029","article-title":"Local and distant input controlling excitation in layer II of the medial entorhinal cortex","volume":"89","author":"Fuchs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.05.001","article-title":"Locomotion, theta oscillations, and the speed-correlated firing of hippocampal neurons are controlled by a medial septal glutamatergic circuit","volume":"86","author":"Fuhrmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4266","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4353-05.2006","article-title":"A spin glass model of path integration in rat medial entorhinal cortex","volume":"26","author":"Fuhs","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099901","article-title":"Spatial representation in the entorhinal cortex","volume":"305","author":"Fyhn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05601","article-title":"Hippocampal remapping and grid realignment in entorhinal cortex","volume":"446","author":"Fyhn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib25","series-title":"The Organization of Learning","author":"Gallistel","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(87)90208-5","article-title":"Locomotion-inducing sites in the vicinity of the pedunculopontine nucleus","volume":"18","author":"Garcia-Rill","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902930109","article-title":"Cortical projection patterns of the medial septum-diagonal band complex","volume":"293","author":"Gaykema","year":"1990","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.12.002","article-title":"Topography of head direction cells in medial entorhinal cortex","volume":"24","author":"Giocomo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8027","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-24-08027.1996","article-title":"Dynamics of mismatch correction in the hippocampal ensemble code for space: interaction between path integration and environmental cues","volume":"16","author":"Gothard","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03721","article-title":"Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex","volume":"436","author":"Hafting","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902740403","article-title":"Ascending projections from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and the adjacent mesopontine tegmentum in the rat","volume":"274","author":"Hallanger","year":"1988","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.03.025","article-title":"A multiplexed, heterogeneous, and adaptive code for navigation in medial entorhinal cortex","volume":"94","author":"Hardcastle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20374","article-title":"Grid cell firing may arise from interference of theta frequency membrane potential oscillations in single neurons","volume":"17","author":"Hasselmo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.06.027","article-title":"Multiple Running Speed Signals in Medial Entorhinal Cortex","volume":"91","author":"Hinman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib35","first-page":"464","article-title":"Das Reafferencprinczip","volume":"37","author":"Holst","year":"1950","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14396","article-title":"A prefrontal-thalamo-hippocampal circuit for goal-directed spatial navigation","volume":"522","author":"Ito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2014.00038","article-title":"Vestibular control of entorhinal cortex activity in spatial navigation","volume":"8","author":"Jacob","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Integr. Nuerosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-017-1368-4","article-title":"Medial entorhinal cortex and medial septum contribute to self-motion-based linear distance estimation","volume":"222","author":"Jacob","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.02.007","article-title":"Distinct contributions of mesencephalic locomotor region nuclei to locomotor control in the freely behaving mouse","volume":"28","author":"Josset","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4447","article-title":"Glutamatergic synaptic integration of locomotion speed via septoentorhinal projections","volume":"20","author":"Justus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00026.x","article-title":"The rhythmicity of cells of the medial septum\/diagonal band of Broca in the awake freely moving rat: relationships with behaviour and hippocampal theta","volume":"10","author":"King","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201685","article-title":"The spatial periodicity of grid cells is not sustained during reduced theta oscillations","volume":"332","author":"Koenig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14622","article-title":"Speed cells in the medial entorhinal cortex","volume":"523","author":"Kropff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188210","article-title":"Development of the spatial representation system in the rat","volume":"328","author":"Langston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.06.031","article-title":"Identification of a brainstem circuit regulating visual cortical state in parallel with locomotion","volume":"83","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90350-V","article-title":"Dual projections of single cholinergic and aminergic brainstem neurons to the thalamus and basal forebrain in the rat","volume":"604","author":"Losier","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.10.007","article-title":"Medial septum lesions disrupt exploratory trip organization: evidence for septohippocampal involvement in dead reckoning","volume":"90","author":"Martin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2011.00022","article-title":"Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus","volume":"5","author":"Martinez-Gonzalez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237147","article-title":"The contributions of position, direction, and velocity to single unit activity in the hippocampus of freely-moving rats","volume":"52","author":"McNaughton","year":"1983","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.199.1.173","article-title":"Deciphering the hippocampal polyglot: the hippocampus as a path integration system","volume":"199","author":"McNaughton","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1932","article-title":"Path integration and the neural basis of the \u2018cognitive map\u2019","volume":"7","author":"McNaughton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1217139","article-title":"Long-range-projecting GABAergic neurons modulate inhibition in hippocampus and entorhinal cortex","volume":"335","author":"Melzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.02.027","article-title":"Rethinking the pedunculopontine nucleus: from cellular organization to function","volume":"94","author":"Mena-Segovia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.08.050","article-title":"Parvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons control different space-coding networks in the medial entorhinal cortex","volume":"171","author":"Miao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00450672","article-title":"Homing by path integration in a mammal","volume":"67","author":"Mittelstaedt","year":"1980","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3766","article-title":"Grid cells and cortical representation","volume":"15","author":"Moser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.01.033","article-title":"Modulation of visual responses by behavioral state in mouse visual cortex","volume":"65","author":"Niell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib58","series-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16937","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.16937","article-title":"Visual landmarks sharpen grid cell metric and confer context specificity to neurons of the medial entorhinal cortex","volume":"5","author":"P\u00e9rez-Escobar","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.10.053","article-title":"Head direction is coded more strongly than movement direction in a population of entorhinal neurons.","volume":"1621","author":"Raudies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232655","article-title":"Multisensory control of hippocampal spatiotemporal selectivity","volume":"340","author":"Ravassard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9298","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-24-09298.2000","article-title":"Dynamics of hippocampal ensemble activity realignment: time versus space","volume":"20","author":"Redish","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.12.037","article-title":"Cell-type-specific control of brainstem locomotor circuits by basal ganglia","volume":"164","author":"Roseberry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36664","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.36664","article-title":"Functional properties of stellate cells in medial entorhinal cortex layer II","volume":"7","author":"Rowland","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4448","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612811319240011","article-title":"The multifunctional mesencephalic locomotor region","volume":"19","author":"Ryczko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1125572","article-title":"Conjunctive representation of position, direction, and velocity in entorhinal cortex","volume":"312","author":"Sargolini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13724","article-title":"A synaptic and circuit basis for corollary discharge in the auditory cortex","volume":"513","author":"Schneider","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0520-5","article-title":"A cortical filter that learns to suppress the acoustic consequences of movement","volume":"561","author":"Schneider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.08.030","article-title":"Effect of reversible inactivation of the supramammillary nucleus on spatial learning and memory in rats","volume":"1026","author":"Shahidi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib69","first-page":"549","article-title":"Control of walking and running by means of electrical stimulation of the mesencephalon","volume":"26","author":"Shik","year":"1969","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(84)90099-4","article-title":"Forelimb and hindlimb stepping by the anesthetized rat elicited by electrical stimulation of the diencephalon and mesencephalon","volume":"33","author":"Sinnamon","year":"1984","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90319-6","article-title":"The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) in the rat","volume":"323","author":"Skinner","year":"1984","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1166466","article-title":"Representation of geometric borders in the entorhinal cortex","volume":"322","author":"Solstad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1037\/h0055479","article-title":"Neural basis of the spontaneous optokinetic response produced by visual inversion","volume":"43","author":"Sperry","year":"1950","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comp. Physiol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1177\/34.11.2430009","article-title":"Visualization of detailed acetylcholinesterase fiber and neuron staining in rat brain by a sensitive histochemical procedure","volume":"34","author":"Tago","year":"1986","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2155-17.2018","article-title":"Single-cell stimulation in barrel cortex influences psychophysical detection performance","volume":"38","author":"Tanke","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8085","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0693-05.2005","article-title":"Self-motion and the hippocampal spatial metric","volume":"25","author":"Terrazas","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15812","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2639-15.2015","article-title":"Synaptic targets of medial septal projections in the hippocampus and extrahippocampal cortices of the mouse","volume":"35","author":"Unal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib78","series-title":"Treatise on Physiological Optics","volume":"Vol. 3","author":"von Helmholtz","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-08-02737.1989","article-title":"Spatial and behavioral correlates of hippocampal neuronal activity","volume":"9","author":"Wiener","year":"1989","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1259591","article-title":"Spatial navigation. Disruption of the head direction cell network impairs the parahippocampal grid cell signal","volume":"347","author":"Winter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.08.034","article-title":"Passive transport disrupts grid signals in the parahippocampal cortex","volume":"25","author":"Winter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(86)90134-6","article-title":"Cholinergic systems in the rat brain: III. Projections from the pontomesencephalic tegmentum to the thalamus, tectum, basal ganglia, and basal forebrain","volume":"16","author":"Woolf","year":"1986","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.03.028","article-title":"Cholinergic mesopontine signals govern locomotion and reward through dissociable midbrain pathways","volume":"90","author":"Xiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1627","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720855115","article-title":"Entorhinal fast-spiking speed cells project to the hippocampus","volume":"115","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3450","article-title":"Specific evidence of low-dimensional continuous attractor dynamics in grid cells","volume":"16","author":"Yoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1063(1999)9:3<220::AID-HIPO3>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Comparison of medial and lateral septal neuron activity during performance of spatial tasks in rats","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hippocampus"}],"container-title":["Cell Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211124720311128?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211124720311128?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T11:05:06Z","timestamp":1761908706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211124720311128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2211124720311128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-1247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-1247","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Brainstem Locomotor Circuit Drives the Activity of Speed Cells in the Medial Entorhinal Cortex","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108123","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108123"}}