{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:19:17Z","timestamp":1790435957743,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI120898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI120898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI122390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI122390"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA046100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA046100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 GM124451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 GM124451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08 AI128043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 AI128043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01-AI38398-S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01-AI38398-S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F30HL149151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F30HL149151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM007205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM007205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018128","name":"Ludwig Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T03:25:27Z","timestamp":1606793127000},"page":"108528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["An ACE2 Microbody Containing a Single Immunoglobulin Fc Domain Is a Potent Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0779-9954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuya","family":"Tada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7808-2670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4627-415X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramanjit","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Stapleford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Gristick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda M.","family":"Dcosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2495-9403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig B.","family":"Wilen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crina M.","family":"Nimigean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel R.","family":"Landau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.3390\/v4061011","article-title":"Mechanisms of coronavirus cell entry mediated by the viral spike protein","volume":"4","author":"Belouzard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6529","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006529","article-title":"A versatile viral system for expression and depletion of proteins in mammalian cells","volume":"4","author":"Campeau","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd2985","article-title":"Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity","volume":"370","author":"Cantuti-Castelvetri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-5-59","article-title":"Implication of TRIM alpha and TRIMCyp in interferon-induced anti-retroviral restriction activities","volume":"5","author":"Carthagena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib5","article-title":"Neutralizing antibody and soluble ACE2 inhibition of a replication-competent VSV-SARS-CoV-2 and a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2","author":"Case","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12417","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00967-12","article-title":"Enhanced recognition and neutralization of HIV-1 by antibody-derived CCR5-mimetic peptide variants","volume":"86","author":"Chiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3390\/v12050513","article-title":"Protocol and Reagents for Pseudotyping Lentiviral Particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein for Neutralization Assays","volume":"12","author":"Crawford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6574","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.17.6574","article-title":"High concentrations of recombinant soluble CD4 are required to neutralize primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates","volume":"87","author":"Daar","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib9","article-title":"The D614G mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Spike increases transduction of multiple human cell types","author":"Daniloski","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib10","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2\u00a0Uses CD4 to Infect T Helper Lymphocytes","author":"Davanzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.05.071","article-title":"Could the D614G substitution in the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein be associated with higher COVID-19 mortality?","volume":"96","author":"Eaaswarkhanth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0577-1","article-title":"Implications of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection for SARS-CoV-2 countermeasures","volume":"38","author":"Eroshenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2438-7_1","article-title":"Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis","volume":"1282","author":"Fehr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9007","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.17.9007-9015.2004","article-title":"Retroviral vectors pseudotyped with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus S protein","volume":"78","author":"Giroglou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4122","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02232-10","article-title":"Evidence that TMPRSS2 activates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein for membrane fusion and reduces viral control by the humoral immune response","volume":"85","author":"Glowacka","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3512","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2005.04756.x","article-title":"Identification of critical active-site residues in angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) by site-directed mutagenesis","volume":"272","author":"Guy","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000360","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000360","article-title":"Soluble CD4 and CD4-mimetic compounds inhibit HIV-1 infection by induction of a short-lived activated state","volume":"5","author":"Haim","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)03640-2","article-title":"Quantitative mRNA expression profiling of ACE 2, a novel homologue of angiotensin converting enzyme","volume":"532","author":"Harmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-013-0072-7","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in healthy human subjects","volume":"52","author":"Haschke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.011","article-title":"A SARS-CoV-2 Infection Model in Mice Demonstrates Protection by Neutralizing Antibodies","volume":"182","author":"Hassan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3390\/v4040557","article-title":"Ready, set, fuse! The coronavirus spike protein and acquisition of fusion competence","volume":"4","author":"Heald-Sargent","year":"2012","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1823-x","article-title":"A pilot clinical trial of recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.043","article-title":"Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19 Virus","volume":"182","author":"Korber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030781","article-title":"A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"348","author":"Ksiazek","year":"2003","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1267","article-title":"A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury","volume":"11","author":"Kuba","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2010.06.003","article-title":"Trilogy of ACE2: a peptidase in the renin-angiotensin system, a SARS receptor, and a partner for amino acid transporters","volume":"128","author":"Kuba","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2180-5","article-title":"Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor","volume":"581","author":"Lan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16048-4","article-title":"Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus by recombinant ACE2-Ig","volume":"11","author":"Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib30","article-title":"Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for lineage B beta-coronaviruses, including 2019-nCoV","author":"Letko","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastro.2003.08.001","article-title":"Enteric involvement of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection","volume":"125","author":"Leung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02615-14","article-title":"Receptor recognition mechanisms of coronaviruses: a decade of structural studies","volume":"89","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02145","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus","volume":"426","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116480","article-title":"Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor","volume":"309","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-33012-9_36","article-title":"Insights from the association of SARS-CoV S-protein with its receptor, ACE2","volume":"581","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.01.029","article-title":"Novel ACE2-Fc chimeric fusion provides long-lasting hypertension control and organ protection in mouse models of systemic renin angiotensin system activation","volume":"94","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12658","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01542-10","article-title":"Efficient activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by the transmembrane protease TMPRSS2","volume":"84","author":"Matsuyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6506","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519623112","article-title":"Engineering high-affinity PD-1 variants for optimized immunotherapy and immuno-PET imaging","volume":"112","author":"Maute","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02012-06","article-title":"Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus","volume":"81","author":"McCray","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.004","article-title":"Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Engineered Human Tissues Using Clinical-Grade Soluble Human ACE2","volume":"181","author":"Monteil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.637","article-title":"Anti-retroviral activity of TRIM5 alpha","volume":"20","author":"Nakayama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1743767","article-title":"Establishment and validation of a pseudovirus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2","volume":"9","author":"Nie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib43","article-title":"High titers of multiple antibody isotypes against the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain and nucleoprotein associate with better neutralization","author":"Noval","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.3.1461-1471.1993","article-title":"Two mechanisms of soluble CD4 (sCD4)-mediated inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectivity and their relation to primary HIV-1 isolates with reduced sensitivity to sCD4","volume":"67","author":"Orloff","year":"1993","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15562-9","article-title":"Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV","volume":"11","author":"Ou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib46","article-title":"Naturally mutated spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants show differential levels of cell entry","author":"Ozono","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20084","article-title":"UCSF Chimera\u2014a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis","volume":"25","author":"Pettersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1782600","DOI":"10.1080\/19420862.2020.1782600","article-title":"Ig-like ACE2 protein therapeutics: A revival in development during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"12","author":"Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"MAbs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2003-4-8-225","article-title":"Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme and its relatives","volume":"4","author":"Riordan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5373","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.7.5373-5380.1999","article-title":"Effects of soluble CD4 on simian immunodeficiency virus infection of CD4-positive and CD4-negative cells","volume":"73","author":"Schenten","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20201181","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201181","article-title":"Measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity using pseudotyped and chimeric viruses","volume":"217","author":"Schmidt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11727","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003138117","article-title":"Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"117","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02062-10","article-title":"A transmembrane serine protease is linked to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor and activates virus entry","volume":"85","author":"Shulla","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02343","article-title":"The cytoplasmic body component TRIM5alpha restricts HIV-1 infection in Old World monkeys","volume":"427","author":"Stremlau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6332","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.8.6332-6338.1998","article-title":"Determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein activation by soluble CD4 and monoclonal antibodies","volume":"72","author":"Sullivan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256294","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/256294","article-title":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Is a Key Modulator of the Renin Angiotensin System in Health and Disease","volume":"2012","author":"Tikellis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pept."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50859","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050859","article-title":"Quantification of reverse transcriptase activity by real-time PCR as a fast and accurate method for titration of HIV, lenti- and retroviral vectors","volume":"7","author":"Vermeire","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib58","article-title":"Genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals host genes that regulate SARS-CoV-2 infection","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0778-2","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection of human ACE2-transgenic mice causes severe lung inflammation and impaired function","volume":"21","author":"Winkler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.138420","article-title":"Targeting the degradation of angiotensin II with recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: prevention of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension","volume":"55","author":"Wysocki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0305-x","article-title":"Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV) infection by a highly potent pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting its spike protein that harbors a high capacity to mediate membrane fusion","volume":"30","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.04.004","article-title":"An Infectious cDNA Clone of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"27","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528_bib63","article-title":"The D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reduces S1 shedding and increases infectivity","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"}],"container-title":["Cell Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211124720315175?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211124720315175?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T11:08:22Z","timestamp":1761908902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211124720315175"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2211124720315175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.09.16.300319","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2211-1247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-1247","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An ACE2 Microbody Containing a Single Immunoglobulin Fc Domain Is a Potent Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108528","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108528"}}