{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:22:00Z","timestamp":1790896920475,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T05:56:35Z","timestamp":1643349395000},"page":"110387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern display enhanced intrinsic pathogenic properties and expanded organ tropism in mouse models"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Bettina","family":"Stolp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7692-6905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Ambiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Morath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6032-2675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Gallucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Bartenschlager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Ruggieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1198-6632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederik","family":"Graw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Rudelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver Till","family":"Keppler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver Till","family":"Fackler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6059","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19883-7","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNAs in diagnostic samples are not an indicator of active replication","volume":"11","author":"Alexandersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00778","article-title":"Sources of type I interferons in infectious immunity: plasmacytoid dendritic cells not always in the driver's seat","volume":"10","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25479-6","article-title":"Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by convalescent and BNT162b2 vaccinated serum","volume":"12","author":"Bates","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.05.022","article-title":"Novel SARS-CoV-2 variants: the pandemics within the pandemic","volume":"27","author":"Boehm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi9745","article-title":"Structural basis for enhanced infectivity and immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 variants","volume":"373","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2708-8","article-title":"A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures","volume":"586","author":"Dinnon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03207-w","article-title":"Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2","volume":"591","author":"Gaebler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.03.013","article-title":"Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity","volume":"184","author":"Garcia-Beltran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1089\/10799900260100132","article-title":"Type I interferon production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and monocytes is triggered by viruses, but the level of production is controlled by distinct cytokines","volume":"22","author":"Gary-Gouy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e142032","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.142032","article-title":"Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop severe and fatal respiratory disease","volume":"5","author":"Golden","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9030243","article-title":"Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and impact in global vaccination programs against SARS-CoV-2\/COVID-19","volume":"9","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5085","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003349","article-title":"IFN-\u03b1 production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells stimulated with RNA-containing immune complexes is promoted by NK cells via MIP-1\u03b2 and LFA-1","volume":"186","author":"Hagberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00573-0","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape","volume":"19","author":"Harvey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe8499","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 D614G variant exhibits efficient replication ex\u00a0vivo and transmission in\u00a0vivo","volume":"370","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18880-0","article-title":"ACE2 mouse models: a toolbox for cardiovascular and pulmonary research","volume":"11","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00602-1","article-title":"Innate immune sensing of coronavirus and viral evasion strategies","volume":"53","author":"Kasuga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5885","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19619-7","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 structure and replication characterized by in\u00a0situ cryo-electron tomography","volume":"11","author":"Klein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.043","article-title":"Tracking changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike: evidence that D614G increases infectivity of the COVID-19 virus","volume":"182","author":"Korber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.09.002","article-title":"Early IFN-\u03b1 signatures and persistent dysfunction are distinguishing features of NK cells in severe COVID-19","volume":"54","author":"Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00292-w","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 vaccines strategies: a comprehensive review of phase 3 candidates","volume":"6","author":"Kyriakidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv499","article-title":"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Causes Multiple Organ Damage and Lethal Disease in Mice Transgenic for Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4","volume":"213","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19872","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019872","article-title":"Severe and persistent depletion of circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells in patients with 2009 pandemic H1N1 infection","volume":"6","author":"Lichtner","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.201246","article-title":"US CDC Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR Panel for Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2","volume":"26","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-020-00272-6","article-title":"COVID-19 preclinical models:\u00a0human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice","volume":"14","author":"Lutz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2021.04.008","article-title":"Functional landscape of SARS-CoV-2 cellular restriction","volume":"81","author":"Martin-Sancho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001057","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.24.2001057","article-title":"Multicentre comparison of quantitative PCR-based assays to detect SARS-CoV-2, Germany, March 2020","volume":"25","author":"Muenchhoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6122","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19891-7","article-title":"Lethality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in K18 human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice","volume":"11","author":"Oladunni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629193","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.629193","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 causes a different cytokine response compared to other cytokine storm-causing respiratory viruses in severely ill patients","volume":"12","author":"Olbei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20201387","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201387","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 induces human plasmacytoid predendritic cell diversification via UNC93B and IRAK4","volume":"218","author":"Onodi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001584","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001584","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 one year on: evidence for ongoing viral adaptation","volume":"102","author":"Peacock","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11010091","article-title":"Cytokines and chemokines in SARS-CoV-2 infections-therapeutic strategies targeting cytokine storm","volume":"11","author":"Pum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11609","article-title":"The role of autophagy in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection: an overview on virophagy-mediated molecular drug targets","volume":"45","author":"Sargazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3865","article-title":"The multifaceted biology of plasmacytoid dendritic cells","volume":"15","author":"Swiecki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580641","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.580641","article-title":"Covid-19: perspectives on innate immune evasion","volume":"11","author":"Taefehshokr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib34","article-title":"Improvements to the ARTIC multiplex PCR method for SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing using nanopore","author":"Tyson","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00468-6","article-title":"Coronavirus biology and replication: implications for SARS-CoV-2","volume":"19","author":"V\u2019kovski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.06.003","article-title":"Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variant mutations reveals neutralization escape mechanisms and the ability to use ACE2 receptors from additional species","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3055","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1935","article-title":"Prospective longitudinal serosurvey of health care workers in the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a quaternary care hospital in munich, Germany","volume":"73","author":"Weinberger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0778-2","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection of human ACE2-transgenic mice causes severe lung inflammation and impaired function","volume":"21","author":"Winkler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108761","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b inhibits RIG-I-MAVS antiviral signaling by interrupting K63-linked ubiquitination of NEMO","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108234","article-title":"Evasion of type I interferon by SARS-CoV-2","volume":"33","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1009195","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009195","article-title":"K18-hACE2 mice develop respiratory disease resembling severe COVID-19","volume":"17","author":"Yinda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plos Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib42","article-title":"The ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates immune evasion through down-regulating MHC-\u0399","volume":"118","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2943-z","article-title":"COVID-19 treatments and pathogenesis including anosmia in K18-hACE2 mice","volume":"589","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03361-1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike D614G change enhances replication and transmission","volume":"592","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627548","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.627548","article-title":"Increased sCD163 and sCD14 plasmatic levels and depletion of peripheral blood pro-inflammatory\u00a0monocytes, myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"12","author":"Zingaropoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Cell Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211124722001085?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211124722001085?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T11:34:03Z","timestamp":1761910443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211124722001085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S2211124722001085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-1247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-1247","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern display enhanced intrinsic pathogenic properties and expanded organ tropism in mouse models","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110387","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110387"}}