{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:24:37Z","timestamp":1791937477757,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21RT0878"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21RT0878"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH122513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH122513"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006474","name":"Columbia University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006474","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS113113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS113113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000011","name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T10:59:20Z","timestamp":1744369160000},"page":"115526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A population representation of the confidence in a decision in the parietal cortex"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2572-4748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel","family":"Zylberberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael N.","family":"Shadlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196546","article-title":"Type 2 tasks in the theory of signal detectability: Discrimination between correct and incorrect decisions","volume":"10","author":"Galvin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0037","article-title":"A computational framework for the study of confidence in humans and animals","volume":"367","author":"Kepecs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/377059a0","article-title":"Neural computation of log likelihood in control of saccadic eye movements","volume":"377","author":"Carpenter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib4","first-page":"376","article-title":"The effect of stimulus strength on the speed and accuracy of a perceptual decision","volume":"5","author":"Palmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.85.2.59","article-title":"A theory of memory retrieval","volume":"85","author":"Ratcliff","year":"1978","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.01.007","article-title":"Diffusion decision model: Current issues and history","volume":"20","author":"Ratcliff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib7","series-title":"Bayesian Brain: Probabilistic Approaches to Neural Coding","first-page":"209","article-title":"The speed and accuracy of a simple perceptual decision: a mathematical primer","author":"Shadlen","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113038","article-title":"The neural basis of decision making","volume":"30","author":"Gold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14066","article-title":"Distinct relationships of parietal and prefrontal cortices to evidence accumulation","volume":"520","author":"Hanks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9475","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-21-09475.2002","article-title":"Response of neurons in the lateral intraparietal area during a combined visual discrimination reaction time task","volume":"22","author":"Roitman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.90859.3","article-title":"Direct observation of the neural computations underlying a single decision","volume":"12","author":"Steinemann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15747","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2894-10.2010","article-title":"Caudate encodes multiple computations for perceptual decisions","volume":"30","author":"Ding","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.05.059","article-title":"Direction-selective visual responses in macaque superior colliculus induced by behavioral training","volume":"366","author":"Horwitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1787-x","article-title":"Distributed coding of choice, action and engagement across the mouse brain","volume":"576","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01071.2011","article-title":"Decision making by urgency gating: theory and experimental support","volume":"108","author":"Thura","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34929","article-title":"Causal contribution and dynamical encoding in the striatum during evidence accumulation","volume":"7","author":"Yartsev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.550","article-title":"The time course of perceptual choice: the leaky, competing accumulator model","volume":"108","author":"Usher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)01092-9","article-title":"Probabilistic decision making by slow reverberation in cortical circuits","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib19","series-title":"Decision Processes in Visual Perception","author":"Vickers","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27618-5","article-title":"Sources of confidence in value-based choice","volume":"12","author":"Brus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2023.105377","article-title":"The presence of irrelevant alternatives paradoxically increases confidence in perceptual decisions","volume":"234","author":"Comay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.12192","article-title":"A common mechanism underlies changes of mind about decisions and confidence","volume":"5","author":"van Den Berg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000411","article-title":"Simultaneous modeling of choice, confidence, and response time in visual perception","volume":"130","author":"Hellmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.015","article-title":"Choice certainty is informed by both evidence and decision time","volume":"84","author":"Kiani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2010.12-08-930","article-title":"Decision confidence and uncertainty in diffusion models with partially correlated neuronal integrators","volume":"22","author":"Moreno-Bote","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.073","article-title":"Choice, difficulty, and confidence in the brain","volume":"53","author":"Rolls","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2496(88)90043-0","article-title":"The accumulator model of two-choice discrimination","volume":"32","author":"Smith","year":"1988","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Math. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(85)90018-6","article-title":"Experimental paradigms emphasising state or process limitations: II effects on confidence","volume":"59","author":"Vickers","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib29","series-title":"Cortical Population Dynamics Underlying Choice, Reaction Time, and Confidence","author":"Vivar","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00793.2014","article-title":"Confidence estimation as a stochastic process in a neurodynamical system of decision making","volume":"114","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2012.00079","article-title":"The construction of confidence in a perceptual decision","volume":"6","author":"Zylberberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1310577111","article-title":"Response times from ensembles of accumulators","volume":"111","author":"Zandbelt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008779","article-title":"Tuned inhibition in perceptual decision-making circuits can explain seemingly suboptimal confidence behavior","volume":"17","author":"Maniscalco","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21830","article-title":"Confidence through consensus: a neural mechanism for uncertainty monitoring","volume":"6","author":"Paz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.05.028","article-title":"A neural mechanism for terminating decisions","volume":"111","author":"Stine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib36","article-title":"Cause for pause before leaping to conclusions about stepping","author":"Zylberberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.76.5.2841","article-title":"Visual, presaccadic, and cognitive activation of single neurons in monkey lateral intraparietal area","volume":"76","author":"Colby","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00271862","article-title":"Memory related motor planning activity in posterior parietal cortex of macaque","volume":"70","author":"Gnadt","year":"1988","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.76.3.1439","article-title":"Motor intention activity in the macaque\u2019s lateral intraparietal area. I. Dissociation of motor plan from sensory memory","volume":"76","author":"Mazzoni","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3733-05.2006","article-title":"A recurrent network mechanism of time integration in perceptual decisions","volume":"26","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1037\/h0074579","article-title":"The relation of the time of a judgment to its accuracy","volume":"18","author":"Henmon","year":"1911","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4745","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-12-04745.1992","article-title":"The analysis of visual motion: a comparison of neuronal and psychophysical performance","volume":"12","author":"Britten","year":"1992","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(78)90017-2","article-title":"Cumulative sum technique and its application to the analysis of peristimulus time histograms","volume":"45","author":"Ellaway","year":"1978","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.08.015","article-title":"The formation of hierarchical decisions in the visual cortex","volume":"87","author":"Lorteije","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05078","article-title":"Experience-dependent representation of visual categories in parietal cortex","volume":"443","author":"Freedman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.07.035","article-title":"Counterfactual reasoning underlies the learning of priors in decision making","volume":"99","author":"Zylberberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6339","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5613-10.2011","article-title":"Elapsed decision time affects the weighting of prior probability in a perceptual decision task","volume":"31","author":"Hanks","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009517","article-title":"A confirmation bias in perceptual decision-making due to hierarchical approximate inference","volume":"17","author":"Lange","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.10.004.2009","article-title":"Neurophysiological bases of exponential sensory decay and top-down memory retrieval: a model","volume":"3","author":"Zylberberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004519","article-title":"Doubly Bayesian analysis of confidence in perceptual decision-making","volume":"11","author":"Aitchison","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-017-0139","article-title":"Perceptual confidence neglects decision-incongruent evidence in the brain","volume":"1","author":"Peters","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1233912","article-title":"Rats and humans can optimally accumulate evidence for decision-making","volume":"340","author":"Brunton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1588","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711628115","article-title":"Superior colliculus neuronal ensemble activity signals optimal rather than subjective confidence","volume":"115","author":"Odegaard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3393","article-title":"Responses of pulvinar neurons reflect a subject\u2019s confidence in visual categorization","volume":"16","author":"Komura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07200","article-title":"Neural correlates, computation and behavioural impact of decision confidence","volume":"455","author":"Kepecs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1169405","article-title":"Representation of confidence associated with a decision by neurons in the parietal cortex","volume":"324","author":"Kiani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4240","article-title":"Confidence and certainty: distinct probabilistic quantities for different goals","volume":"19","author":"Pouget","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1093\/bjps\/axx023","article-title":"Decoding the brain: Neural representation and the limits of multivariate pattern analysis in cognitive neuroscience","volume":"70","author":"Ritchie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Philos. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4064","article-title":"Automatic integration of confidence in the brain valuation signal","volume":"18","author":"Lebreton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.56694","article-title":"The caudate nucleus contributes causally to decisions that balance reward and uncertain visual information","volume":"9","author":"Doi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0902-23.2023","article-title":"Neural representations of post-decision accuracy and reward expectation in the caudate nucleus and frontal eye field","volume":"44","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.36018","article-title":"Ongoing, rational calibration of reward-driven perceptual biases","volume":"7","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.60535","article-title":"Frontal eye field and caudate neurons make different contributions to reward-biased perceptual decisions","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009308","article-title":"Integration of sensory and reward information during perceptual decision-making in lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP) of the macaque monkey","volume":"5","author":"Rorie","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00448-6","article-title":"Two views on the cognitive brain","volume":"22","author":"Barack","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1983.49.5.1268","article-title":"Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata. III. Memory-contingent visual and saccade responses","volume":"49","author":"Hikosaka","year":"1983","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2009.05.005","article-title":"A modular planar robotic manipulandum with end-point torque control","volume":"181","author":"Howard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526_bib68","article-title":"Practical Bayesian optimization for model fitting with Bayesian adaptive direct search","author":"Acerbi","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv"}],"container-title":["Cell Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211124725002979?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211124725002979?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T21:26:56Z","timestamp":1768339616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211124725002979"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2211124725002979"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.08.15.608159","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2211-1247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-1247","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A population representation of the confidence in a decision in the parietal cortex","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115526","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115526"}}