{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:10:59Z","timestamp":1790777459655,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004921","name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21TQ1400225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21TQ1400225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82350123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82350123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82230087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82230087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82403400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82403400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82372879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82372879"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T12:03:43Z","timestamp":1780574623000},"page":"117496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nerve-proximal tertiary lymphoid structures predict chemotherapy sensitivity in pancreatic cancer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Shuqi","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luju","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheqi","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueshiyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Miao","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8516-6234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Heng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2025","volume":"75","author":"Siegel","year":"2025","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00261-2","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer","volume":"405","author":"Stoop","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00746-1","article-title":"Neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer","volume":"20","author":"Springfeld","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309304","article-title":"Stromal biology and therapy in pancreatic cancer: a changing paradigm","volume":"64","author":"Neesse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.038","article-title":"Broadening the Impact of Immunotherapy to Pancreatic Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"156","author":"Balachandran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01829-9","article-title":"Sotigalimab and\/or nivolumab with chemotherapy in first-line metastatic pancreatic cancer: clinical and immunologic analyses from the randomized phase 2 PRINCE trial","volume":"28","author":"Padr\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00706-z","article-title":"The roles of tertiary lymphoid structures in chronic diseases","volume":"19","author":"Sato","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf9419","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer","volume":"375","author":"Schumacher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328697","article-title":"Mature tertiary lymphoid structures are key niches of tumour-specific immune responses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas","volume":"72","author":"Kinker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-006698","article-title":"Characterization of intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: cellular properties and prognostic significance","volume":"11","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-024-00728-0","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures in anticancer immunity","volume":"24","author":"Teillaud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0144-6","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures in the era of cancer immunotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Saut\u00e8s-Fridman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01947-5","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures in diseases: immune mechanisms and therapeutic advances","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-01980-6","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structural heterogeneity determines tumour immunity and prospects for clinical application","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08735-3","article-title":"Characterization of single neurons reprogrammed by pancreatic cancer","volume":"640","author":"Thiel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-025-00831-w","article-title":"Neuro-immune cross-talk in cancer","volume":"25","author":"Amit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09370-8","article-title":"Cancer-induced nerve injury promotes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy","volume":"646","author":"Baruch","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2024.11.008","article-title":"Peripheral, central, and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic changes in pancreatic cancer","volume":"48","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-025-01098-4","article-title":"Nociceptor neurons promote PDAC progression and cancer pain by interaction with cancer-associated fibroblasts and suppression of natural killer cells","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3078","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1512603113","article-title":"Ablation of sensory neurons in a genetic model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma slows initiation and progression of cancer","volume":"113","author":"Saloman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.11.007","article-title":"\u03b22 Adrenergic-Neurotrophin Feedforward Loop Promotes Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"33","author":"Renz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29659-w","article-title":"Sympathetic axonal sprouting induces changes in macrophage populations and protects against pancreatic cancer","volume":"13","author":"Guillot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-025-01667-0","article-title":"Psychological stress-induced ALKBH5 deficiency promotes tumour innervation and pancreatic cancer via extracellular vesicle transfer of RNA","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib24","article-title":"Vitamin D binding protein, a ligand of integrin beta 1, motivates both tumor cells and schwann cells to promote perineural invasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adf1147","article-title":"Beta-blockade enhances anthracycline control of metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"15","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.5808","article-title":"Association of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma After Multiagent Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Sugawara","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.216689","article-title":"Schwann cells in pancreatic cancer: Unraveling their multifaceted roles in tumorigenesis and neural interactions","volume":"587","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-1690","article-title":"Reprogrammed Schwann Cells Organize into Dynamic Tracks that Promote Pancreatic Cancer Invasion","volume":"12","author":"Deborde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add6995","article-title":"Tumor-associated nonmyelinating Schwann cell\u2013expressed PVT1 promotes pancreatic cancer kynurenine pathway and tumor immune exclusion","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-024-03066-z","article-title":"Placental growth factor promotes neural invasion and predicts disease prognosis in resectable pancreatic cancer","volume":"43","author":"G\u00f6hrig","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-021-02108-6","article-title":"Tumor innervation is triggered by endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"41","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib32","article-title":"Heterogeneity of Cervical Cancer-Associated Tertiary Lymphoid Structures (TLSs) and Their Specific Interrelation With Clinicopathological Parameters","volume":"16","author":"B\u0103lan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-22-0110","article-title":"Sensory Nerves Impede the Formation of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and Development of Protective Antimelanoma Immune Responses","volume":"10","author":"Vats","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.06.020","article-title":"Integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics uncover distinct cellular subtypes involved in neural invasion in pancreatic cancer","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib35","article-title":"Biochemical, Radiographic, or Pathologic Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Resected Pancreatic Cancer: Which is Best?","author":"Ahmad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl20312","article-title":"Four-tier pathologic tumor regression grading system predicts the clinical outcome in patients who undergo surgical resection for locally advanced pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Ahn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51273-7","article-title":"Pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy may improve antitumor immune response via reduction of regulatory T cells in muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"14","author":"Ikarashi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.10.015","article-title":"Th17 cells induce ectopic lymphoid follicles in central nervous system tissue inflammation","volume":"35","author":"Peters","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36296-4","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the effects of chemotherapy on human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its tumor microenvironment","volume":"14","author":"Werba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1096\/fba.2021-00147","article-title":"High nerve density in breast cancer is associated with poor patient outcome","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"FASEB Bioadv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06104-2","article-title":"Increased nerve density adversely affects outcome in colorectal cancer and denervation suppresses tumor growth","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-3496","article-title":"Increased Nerve Density Adversely Affects Outcome in Oral Cancer","volume":"29","author":"Perez-Pacheco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.678127","article-title":"B Cell Orchestration of Anti-tumor Immune Responses: A Matter of Cell Localization and Communication","volume":"9","author":"Kinker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05374-w","article-title":"Nociceptor neurons affect cancer immunosurveillance","volume":"611","author":"Balood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62673-0","article-title":"Absence of sympathetic innervation hampers the generation of tertiary lymphoid structures upon acute lung inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Riffard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270874","article-title":"The repair Schwann cell and its function in regenerating nerves","volume":"594","author":"Jessen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2018.04.010","article-title":"Pathology assessment of pancreatic cancer following neoadjuvant treatment: Time to move on","volume":"18","author":"Verbeke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000887","article-title":"Prognostic Significance of New AJCC Tumor Stage in Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Treated With Neoadjuvant Therapy","volume":"41","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iotech.2019.05.001","article-title":"A user\u2019s perspective on GeoMx\u2122 digital spatial profiling","volume":"1","author":"Van","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunooncol. Technol."}],"container-title":["Cell Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211124726005747?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211124726005747?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:40:46Z","timestamp":1790311246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211124726005747"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2211124726005747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-1247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-1247","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nerve-proximal tertiary lymphoid structures predict chemotherapy sensitivity in pancreatic cancer","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117496","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117496"}}