{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T20:25:52Z","timestamp":1787430352083,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-21-CE45-0021-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE45-0021-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-22-PEBB-0008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-22-PEBB-0008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019979","name":"Fondation Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019979","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"Horizon Europe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101070281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101070281"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T14:41:33Z","timestamp":1782916893000},"page":"101654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Living bacterial reservoir computers for information processing and sensing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Ahavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi-Ngoc-An","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Berthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Fiorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Castelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Epaulard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Le Gouellec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4274-2953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Loup","family":"Faulon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2698","article-title":"The second wave of synthetic biology: from modules to systems","volume":"10","author":"Purnick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s11047-018-9715-9","article-title":"Scaling up genetic circuit design for cellular computing: advances and prospects","volume":"17","author":"Xiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2016.07.009","article-title":"Overloaded and stressed: whole-cell considerations for bacterial synthetic biology","volume":"33","author":"Borkowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-018-0168-3","article-title":"Escherichia coli \u201cMarionette\u201d strains with 12 highly optimized small-molecule sensors","volume":"15","author":"Meyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1179","article-title":"A suppressor tRNA-mediated feedforward loop eliminates leaky gene expression in bacteria","volume":"49","author":"Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2008.01.060","article-title":"Mining logic gates in prokaryotic transcriptional regulation networks","volume":"582","author":"Silva-Rocha","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.39.073003.113656","article-title":"Switches in Bacteriophage Lambda Development","volume":"39","author":"Oppenheim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22010","article-title":"The plant perceptron connects environment to development","volume":"543","author":"Scheres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2019.03.005","article-title":"Recent advances in physical reservoir computing: A review","volume":"115","author":"Tanaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib10","series-title":"Advances in Artificial Life","first-page":"588","article-title":"Pattern Recognition in a Bucket","author":"Fernando","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07567-x","article-title":"Chemical reservoir computation in a self-organizing reaction network","volume":"631","author":"Baltussen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2217008120","article-title":"Biological neurons act as generalization filters in reservoir computing","volume":"120","author":"Sumi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.032","article-title":"Proteomic and Metabolomic Characterization of COVID-19 Patient Sera","volume":"182","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03540-y","article-title":"Metabolomic analyses of COVID-19 patients unravel stage-dependent and prognostic biomarkers","volume":"12","author":"Danlos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110271","article-title":"Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of urine uncovers immune responses in patients with COVID-19","volume":"38","author":"Bi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-021-01859-3","article-title":"Untargeted metabolomics of COVID-19 patient serum reveals potential prognostic markers of both severity and outcome","volume":"18","author":"Roberts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib17","series-title":"Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R","author":"Wood","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib18","article-title":"Pre-trainable Reservoir Computing with Recursive Neural Gas","author":"Carcano","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5039826","article-title":"Efficient Design of Hardware-Enabled Reservoir Computing in FPGAs","volume":"124","author":"Penkovsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1614","article-title":"What is flux balance analysis?","volume":"28","author":"Orth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02246-14","article-title":"Use of Adaptive Laboratory Evolution To Discover Key Mutations Enabling Rapid Growth of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 on Glucose Minimal Medium","volume":"81","author":"LaCroix","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib22","article-title":"Metabolomics Profiling of Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: Identification of Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers","volume":"2","author":"Fraser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care Explor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94171-y","article-title":"Targeted metabolomics identifies high performing diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"L\u00f3pez-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.1c00977","article-title":"1H qNMR-based metabolomics discrimination of Covid-19 severity","volume":"21","author":"Correia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44266-z","article-title":"Amino acid catabolite markers for early prognostication of pneumonia in patients with COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Maeda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-85733-5","article-title":"Predicting coronavirus disease 2019 severity using explainable artificial intelligence techniques","volume":"15","author":"Ozawa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00514","article-title":"Information Processing Capacity of Dynamical Systems","volume":"2","author":"Dambre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-020-09772-y","article-title":"Information Processing Capacity of Spin-Based Quantum Reservoir Computing Systems","volume":"15","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cogn. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib29","series-title":"Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation","first-page":"52","article-title":"The Role of Structure and Complexity on Reservoir Computing Quality","author":"Dale","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.15252\/msb.20167411","article-title":"Improving the phenotype predictions of a yeast genome-scale metabolic model by incorporating enzymatic constraints","volume":"13","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1145\/3635470","article-title":"Biocomputation: Moving Beyond Turing with Living Cellular Computers","volume":"67","author":"Go\u00f1i-Moreno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib32","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit\u2013learn: Machine Learning in Python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib33","series-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining KDD \u201916","first-page":"785","article-title":"XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting System","author":"Chen","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu813","article-title":"Workflow4Metabolomics: a collaborative research infrastructure for computational metabolomics","volume":"31","author":"Giacomoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6382","DOI":"10.1021\/ac800795f","article-title":"XCMS2: Processing Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data for Metabolite Identification and Structural Characterization","volume":"80","author":"Benton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1021\/ac202450g","article-title":"CAMERA: An Integrated Strategy for Compound Spectra Extraction and Annotation of Liquid Chromatography\/Mass Spectrometry Data Sets","volume":"84","author":"Kuhl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D622","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1062","article-title":"HMDB 5.0: the Human Metabolome Database for 2022","volume":"50","author":"Wishart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","article-title":"KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes","volume":"28","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ftd.0000179845.53213.39","article-title":"METLIN: A Metabolite Mass Spectral Database","volume":"27","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ther. Drug Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib40","unstructured":"Chollet, F. (2015). Keras. https:\/\/keras.io."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-7-74","article-title":"COBRApy: COnstraints-Based Reconstruction and Analysis for Python","volume":"7","author":"Ebrahim","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3956","article-title":"iML1515, a knowledgebase that computes Escherichia coli traits","volume":"35","author":"Monk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2014.04.025","article-title":"Annotation of the human serum metabolome by coupling three liquid chromatography methods to high-resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"966","author":"Boudah","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-007-0082-2","article-title":"Proposed minimum reporting standards for chemical analysis: Chemical Analysis Working Group (CAWG) Metabolomics Standards Initiative (MSI)","volume":"3","author":"Sumner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.19.070150.002205","article-title":"Chemical Composition of Blood Plasma and Serum","volume":"19","author":"Krebs","year":"1950","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2011.01.010","article-title":"Quantification of 22 plasma amino acids combining derivatization and ion-pair LC\u2013MS\/MS","volume":"879","author":"Harder","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.091009","article-title":"Validation of equations used to predict plasma osmolality in a healthy adult cohort","volume":"100","author":"Heavens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib48","series-title":"Complement Methods and Protocols","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Complement System: An Overview","volume":"150","author":"Morgan","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2002.5637","article-title":"The Comparison of Plasma Deproteinization Methods for the Detection of Low-Molecular-Weight Metabolites by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","volume":"304","author":"Daykin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01641-21","article-title":"Insights into the Antibacterial Mechanism of Action of Chelating Agents by Selective Deprivation of Iron, Manganese, and Zinc","volume":"88","author":"Paterson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07400715","article-title":"Acid-Base Homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Hamm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/4.6.452","article-title":"Buffer Capacities of Human Blood and Plasma","volume":"4","author":"Ellison","year":"1958","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib53","article-title":"Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmax","author":"Jang","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib54","article-title":"Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization","author":"Kingma","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.119.3.736-747.1974","article-title":"Culture Medium for Enterobacteria","volume":"119","author":"Neidhardt","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11331-5","article-title":"Regulatory mechanisms underlying coordination of amino acid and glucose catabolism in Escherichia coli","volume":"10","author":"Zampieri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40380-0","article-title":"A neural-mechanistic hybrid approach improving the predictive power of genome-scale metabolic models","volume":"14","author":"Faure","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D515","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1049","article-title":"BiGG Models: A platform for integrating, standardizing and sharing genome-scale models","volume":"44","author":"King","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."}],"container-title":["Cell Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405471226001365?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405471226001365?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T20:10:31Z","timestamp":1787429431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405471226001365"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405471226001365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-4712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-4712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Living bacterial reservoir computers for information processing and sensing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cell Systems","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cels.2026.101654","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101654"}}