{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:53:31Z","timestamp":1776214411744,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Geriatric Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,10]],"date-time":"2007-01-10T10:08:25Z","timestamp":1168423705000},"page":"827-842","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Parkinsonian Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sid","family":"Gilman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181","article-title":"Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathologic study of 100 cases","volume":"55","author":"Hughes","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70037-2","article-title":"Lumping and splitting the Parkinson plus syndromes: dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and cortical-basal ganglionic degeneration","volume":"19","author":"Mark","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf080","article-title":"The accuracy of diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes in a specialist movement disorder service","volume":"125","author":"Hughes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib4","first-page":"330","article-title":"L'atrophie olivopontocerebelleuse","volume":"13","author":"Dejerine","year":"1900","journal-title":"Nouv Iconogr Salpet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1960.03840110025004","article-title":"A neurological syndrome associated with orthostatic hypotension: a clinical-pathologic study","volume":"2","author":"Shy","year":"1960","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib6","first-page":"159","article-title":"Striopallidal-nigral degeneration. A hitherto undescribed lesion in paralysis agitans","volume":"19","author":"van der Eecken","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.32.1.28","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension and nicotine sensitivity in a case of multiple system atrophy","volume":"32","author":"Graham","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(89)90219-0","article-title":"Glial cytoplasmic inclusions in the CNS of patients with multiple system atrophy (striatonigral degeneration, olivopontocerebellar atrophy and Shy-Drager syndrome)","volume":"94","author":"Papp","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"9127","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)79256-4","article-title":"Multiple-system atrophy: a new alpha-synuclein disease?","volume":"352","author":"Gai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00504-7","article-title":"Filamentous alpha-synuclein inclusions link multiple system atrophy with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"251","author":"Spillantini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65226-1","article-title":"Widespread alterations in alpha-synuclein in multiple system atrophy","volume":"155","author":"Dickson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720170064","article-title":"Epidemiology of multiple system atrophy. ESGAP Consortium. European Study Group on Atypical Parkinsonisms","volume":"22","author":"Vanacore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.5.1284","article-title":"Incidence of progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1976 to 1990","volume":"49","author":"Bower","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-005-0380-7","article-title":"Epidemiological evidence on multiple system atrophy","volume":"112","author":"Vanacore","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"9192","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04137-9","article-title":"Prevalence of progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy: a cross-sectional study","volume":"354","author":"Schrag","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00662-8","article-title":"Multiple system atrophy","volume":"3","author":"Wenning","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.4.835","article-title":"Clinical features and natural history of multiple system atrophy: an analysis of 100 cases","volume":"117","author":"Wenning","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120121","article-title":"Cerebellar presentation of multiple system atrophy","volume":"12","author":"Wenning","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib19","series-title":"Neurobiology of disease","article-title":"Multiple system atrophy","author":"Colosimo","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00304-9","article-title":"Consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy","volume":"163","author":"Gilman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35246-1","article-title":"Genitourinary dysfunction in multiple system atrophy: clinical features and treatment in 62 cases","volume":"151","author":"Beck","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.4.1094","article-title":"REM sleep behavior disorders in multiple system atrophy","volume":"48","author":"Plazzi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-005-0348-7","article-title":"Sleep disorders in multiple system atrophy","volume":"112","author":"Ghorayeb","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000073745.68744.94","article-title":"REM sleep behavior disorder is related to striatal monoaminergic deficit in MSA","volume":"61","author":"Gilman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.4.677","article-title":"Abnormal respiration and sudden death during sleep in multiple system atrophy with autonomic failure","volume":"40","author":"Munschauer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000073624.13436.32","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea is related to a thalamic cholinergic deficit in MSA","volume":"61","author":"Gilman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.2.235","article-title":"The distribution of oligodendroglial inclusions in multiple system atrophy and its relevance to clinical symptomatology","volume":"117","author":"Papp","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.09.003","article-title":"Heredity in multiple system atrophy","volume":"240","author":"Soma","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.12.1528","article-title":"Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging study of extrapyramidal symptoms in multiple system atrophy","volume":"57","author":"Konagaya","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.6.1024-a","article-title":"T2-hyperintense lateral rim and hypointense putamen are typical but not exclusive of multiple system atrophy","volume":"58","author":"Macia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.1.65","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in multiple system atrophy","volume":"65","author":"Schrag","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.2.225","article-title":"The combination of hypointense and hyperintense signal changes on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequences: a specific marker of multiple system atrophy?","volume":"56","author":"Kraft","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-005-0332-2","article-title":"How to diagnose MSA early: the role of magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"112","author":"Seppi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199906)45:6<769::AID-ANA11>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Decreased striatal monoaminergic terminals in multiple system atrophy detected with PET","volume":"45","author":"Gilman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6842-4_2","article-title":"Measurement of the dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson's disease with [123I] beta-CIT and SPECT. Correlation with clinical findings and comparison with multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"50","author":"Brucke","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-005-0382-5","article-title":"Brain SPECT imaging in multiple system atrophy","volume":"112","author":"Cilia","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.49.5.554","article-title":"Urethro-vesical dysfunction in progressive autonomic failure with multiple system atrophy","volume":"49","author":"Kirby","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(200005)23:5<731::AID-MUS10>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Anal sphincter EMG does not distinguish between multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Giladi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-005-0377-2","article-title":"How to diagnose MSA early: the role of sphincter EMG","volume":"112","author":"Vodu\u0161ek","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib40","series-title":"Parkinson's disease and movement disorders","first-page":"191","article-title":"Shy-Drager syndrome","author":"Polinsky","year":"1993"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.11.1009","article-title":"The dopaminergic response in multiple system atrophy","volume":"55","author":"Hughes","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.2.384","article-title":"Survival of patients with pathologically proven multiple system atrophy: a meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Ben-Shlomo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-199304000-00006","article-title":"Response to L-DOPA in multiple system atrophy","volume":"16","author":"Parati","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90230-M","article-title":"Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: a double-blind placebo-controlled study with midodrine","volume":"95","author":"Jankovic","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.71.3.371","article-title":"Treatment of erectile dysfunction with sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in parkinsonism due to Parkinson's disease or multiple system atrophy with observations on orthostatic hypotension","volume":"71","author":"Hussain","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1964.00460160003001","article-title":"Progressive supranuclear palsy: a heterogeneous degeneration involving the brain stem, basal ganglia and cerebellum with vertical gaze and pseudobulbar palsy, nuchal dystonia and dementia","volume":"10","author":"Steele","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199601000-00010","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the preliminary NINDS neuropathological criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy and related disorders","volume":"55","author":"Litvan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.7.1438","article-title":"The prevalence of progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome) in the UK","volume":"124","author":"Nath","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.3_Part_1.563","article-title":"Perceptual analysis of speech disorders in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"43","author":"Kluin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1990.00530050077015","article-title":"Frontal lobe function in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"47","author":"Grafman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410250609","article-title":"Sleep abnormalities in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"25","author":"Aldrich","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.027367","article-title":"Abnormalities of optokinetic nystagmus in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"75","author":"Garbutt","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psych"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh488","article-title":"Characteristics of two distinct clinical phenotypes in pathologically proven progressive supranuclear palsy: Richardson's syndrome and PSP-parkinsonism","volume":"128","author":"Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00024.2003","article-title":"Role of tau protein in both physiological and pathological conditions","volume":"84","author":"Avila","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh138","article-title":"The structure of the tau haplotype in controls and in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"13","author":"Pittman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Moler Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20178","article-title":"Novel haplotypes in 17q21 are associated with progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"56","author":"Pastor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.5.393","article-title":"Lipoperoxidation is selectively involved in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"59","author":"Odetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.1.1","article-title":"Clinical research criteria for the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome): report of the NINDS-SPSP international workshop","volume":"47","author":"Litvan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198907000-00001","article-title":"MR imaging in progressive supranuclear palsy and Shy-Drager syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Savoiardo","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000151854.85743.C7","article-title":"Quantitative MRI measurement of superior cerebellar peduncle in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"64","author":"Paviour","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-199308000-00006","article-title":"Retrospective study of drug response in 87 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"16","author":"Nieforth","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.7.1031","article-title":"Prevalence and natural history of progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"38","author":"Golbe","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1968.00470310034003","article-title":"Corticodentatonigral degeneration with neuronal achromasia","volume":"18","author":"Rebeiz","year":"1968","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00936-6","article-title":"Corticobasal degeneration","volume":"3","author":"Mahapatra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.41.589","article-title":"Diseases other than Parkinson's disease presenting with parkinsonism","volume":"41","author":"Morimatsu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh560","article-title":"Apraxia in movement disorders","volume":"128","author":"Zadikoff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.9.806","article-title":"The alien hand and related signs","volume":"55","author":"Doody","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10535","article-title":"Coherence analysis in the myoclonus of corticobasal degeneration","volume":"18","author":"Grosse","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10536","article-title":"Corticobasal degeneration as a cognitive disorder","volume":"18","author":"Graham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000081230.09863.ED","article-title":"Language function and dysfunction in corticobasal degeneration","volume":"61","author":"Graham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.7.957","article-title":"Clinical presentation and pharmacological therapy in corticobasal degeneration","volume":"55","author":"Kompoliti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.12.2.273","article-title":"Corticobasal ganglionic degeneration with Balint's syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Mendez","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neuropsych Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/61.11.935","article-title":"Office of Rare Diseases neuropathologic criteria for corticobasal degeneration","volume":"61","author":"Dickson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-005-1017-5","article-title":"Widespread spinal cord involvement in corticobasal degeneration","volume":"109","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1992.tb00796.x","article-title":"Ballooned neurons in several neurodegenerative diseases and stroke contain alpha B crystallin","volume":"18","author":"Lowe","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.12.1702","article-title":"Corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy share a common tau haplotype","volume":"56","author":"Houlden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050928","article-title":"Ubiquitin immunoreactivity of paired helical filaments differs in Alzheimer's disease and corticobasal degeneration","volume":"96","author":"Yang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10459","article-title":"Movement Disorders Society Scientific Issues Committee report: SIC Task Force appraisal of clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinsonian disorders","volume":"18","author":"Litvan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-002-0785-5","article-title":"Routine MRI for the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, MSA, PSP, and CBD","volume":"110","author":"Yekhlef","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.1.81","article-title":"Patterns of brain atrophy that differentiate corticobasal degeneration syndrome from progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"63","author":"Boxer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1097\/00006231-200107000-00007","article-title":"Differentiating between progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration by brain perfusion SPET","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10415","article-title":"Brain perfusion SPECT in patients with corticobasal degeneration: analysis using statistical parametric mapping","volume":"18","author":"Hossain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200011)15:6<1158::AID-MDS1015>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"[123I]beta-CIT SPECT in multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration","volume":"15","author":"Pirker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10498","article-title":"Is FDG-PET a useful tool in clinical practice for diagnosing corticobasal ganglionic degeneration?","volume":"18","author":"Coulier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.8.1477","article-title":"The neuropsychological pattern of corticobasal degeneration: comparison with progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"45","author":"Pillon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.3.720","article-title":"Neuropsychological functioning in corticobasal degeneration: differentiation from Alzheimer's disease","volume":"46","author":"Massman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.8.1317","article-title":"Comparison of apraxia in corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"58","author":"Denes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1186","article-title":"Treatment of dystonic clenched fist with botulinum toxin","volume":"16","author":"Cordivari","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(98)71313-1","article-title":"Depression in corticobasal degeneration","volume":"39","author":"Hargrave","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.5.1171","article-title":"Corticobasal degeneration","volume":"112","author":"Gibb","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/52.1.23","article-title":"Arteriosclerotic parkinsonism","volume":"52","author":"Critchley","year":"1929","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"169","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib92","first-page":"49","article-title":"Parkinson's disease, cerebral arteriosclerosis, and senile dementia: clinical features and response to levodopa","volume":"43","author":"Parkes","year":"1974","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.11.1516","article-title":"Parkinsonism and basal ganglia infarcts","volume":"34","author":"Tolosa","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib94","first-page":"1","article-title":"Overview of morphological changes in Parkinson's disease","volume":"45","author":"Jellinger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540020018011","article-title":"A clinicopathologic study of 100 cases of Parkinson's disease","volume":"50","author":"Hughes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200402000-00009","article-title":"Vascular parkinsonism","volume":"17","author":"Sibon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870040306","article-title":"Lower body parkinsonism: evidence for a vascular etiology","volume":"4","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.12.2183","article-title":"MRI in patients with suspected vascular parkinsonism","volume":"45","author":"Zijlmans","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.5.965","article-title":"Neurological signs and frontal white matter lesions in vascular parkinsonism. A clinicopathologic study","volume":"28","author":"Yamanouchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.15.8.774","article-title":"Lacunes: small, deep cerebral infarcts","volume":"15","author":"Fisher","year":"1965","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00685305","article-title":"The arterial lesions underlying lacunes","volume":"12","author":"Fisher","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.8.871","article-title":"Lacunar strokes and infarcts: a review","volume":"32","author":"Fisher","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1161\/hs1101.098765","article-title":"A career in cerebrovascular disease: a personal account","volume":"32","author":"Fisher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100408","article-title":"Binswanger's disease presenting as levodopa-responsive parkinsonism: clinicopathologic study of three cases","volume":"10","author":"Mark","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870020101","article-title":"Gait disorder of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy: Binswanger's disease","volume":"2","author":"Thompson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000129787.92085.0a","article-title":"Insidious cognitive decline in CADASIL","volume":"35","author":"Amberla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.11.2078","article-title":"The pattern of cognitive performance in CADASIL: a monogenic condition leading to subcortical ischemic vascular dementia","volume":"162","author":"Peters","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.1.163","article-title":"Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association","volume":"103","author":"Goldstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000028456.18614.93","article-title":"Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in acute ischemic stroke: report of the Joint Stroke Guideline Development Committee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Stroke Association (a division of the American Heart Association)","volume":"33","author":"Coull","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.5_Supplement.683S","article-title":"Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke","volume":"114","author":"Albers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.5.1062","article-title":"Ischemic stroke subtypes: a population-based study of functional outcome, survival, and recurrence","volume":"31","author":"Petty","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Geriatric Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749069006000383?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749069006000383?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T13:02:49Z","timestamp":1556024569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749069006000383"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749069006000383"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cger.2006.06.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0690","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}}}