{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T04:50:15Z","timestamp":1773809415527,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Geriatric Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,24]],"date-time":"2012-10-24T13:04:34Z","timestamp":1351083874000},"page":"575-615","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pharmacology of Antiarrhythmic Drugs in Elderly Patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"William H.","family":"Frishman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilbert S.","family":"Aronow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib1","series-title":"Braunwald\u2019s heart disease\u2013a textbook of cardiovascular medicine","first-page":"1727","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in the elderly","author":"Schwartz","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib2","series-title":"Cardiovascular disease in the elderly","first-page":"1","article-title":"Normal aging of the cardiovascular system","author":"Fleg","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib3","series-title":"Cardiovascular disease in the elderly","first-page":"577","article-title":"Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in the elderly","author":"Aronow","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib4","series-title":"Cardiovascular pharmacotherapeutics","first-page":"57","article-title":"Alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking drugs","author":"Frishman","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib5","series-title":"Cardiovascular disease in the elderly","first-page":"605","article-title":"Ventricular arrhythmias in the elderly","author":"Aronow","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib6","series-title":"Cardiovascular disease in the elderly","first-page":"99","article-title":"Cardiovascular drug therapy in the elderly","author":"Frishman","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/27.4.438","article-title":"Aging, total body potassium, fat-free mass and cell mass in males and females between the ages of 18 and 85 years","volume":"27","author":"Novak","year":"1972","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1975184425","article-title":"Antipyrine metabolism in man: influence of age, alcohol, caffeine, and smoking","volume":"18","author":"Vestal","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib9","first-page":"722","article-title":"Digoxin in the elderly: pharmacokinetic consequences of old age","volume":"2","author":"Cusack","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1984.tb04167.x","article-title":"Age effects on alpha-1 acid glycoprotein concentration and imipramine plasma protein binding","volume":"32","author":"Abernethy","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1983.tb02175.x","article-title":"Effect of age and plasma concentrations of albumin and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein on protein binding of disopyramide","volume":"16","author":"Holt","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06825-5","article-title":"Aging and drug disposition: an update","volume":"37","author":"Schmucker","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1975.tb00475.x","article-title":"Changes in drug metabolism with increasing age. II. Phenytoin clearance and protein binding","volume":"2","author":"Hayes","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib14","series-title":"Cardiovascular pharmacotherapeutics","first-page":"633","article-title":"Appendices","author":"Cheng-Lai","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840090222","article-title":"The effect of age upon liver volume and apparent liver blood flow in healthy man","volume":"9","author":"Wynne","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/31.2.155","article-title":"The effect of age on creatinine clearance in man: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study","volume":"31","author":"Rowe","year":"1976","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1965.tb02665.x","article-title":"The effect of increasing age on the distribution of peripheral blood flow in man","volume":"13","author":"Bender","year":"1965","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000180580","article-title":"Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine","volume":"16","author":"Cockcroft","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00013","article-title":"National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification","volume":"39","author":"Levey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib20","series-title":"Cardiovascular pharmacotherapeutics","first-page":"227","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic drugs","author":"Zimetbaum","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510130095038","article-title":"Effects of prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug therapy in acute myocardial infarction: an overview of results from randomized controlled trials","volume":"270","author":"Teo","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1977.11714511","article-title":"Propranolol and lidocaine: clinical use as antiarrhythmic agents","volume":"61","author":"Danahy","year":"1977","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib23","first-page":"209","article-title":"Treating cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. Part 2: antiarrhythmics, diuretics and calcium channel blockers","volume":"14","author":"Fenster","year":"1984","journal-title":"Drug Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198008143030705","article-title":"Reduction of lidocaine clearance during continuous infusion and by coadministration of propranolol","volume":"303","author":"Ochs","year":"1980","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198403293101306","article-title":"\u03b2-Adrenergic blockade in survivors of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"310","author":"Frishman","year":"1984","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl I","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib26","first-page":"I5","article-title":"Effect of propranolol on ventricular arrhythmias: the beta blocker heart attack trial experience","volume":"67","author":"Lichstein","year":"1983","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"Suppl I","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib27","first-page":"I57","article-title":"Beta blockade after myocardial infarction: the Norwegian propranolol study in high-risk patients","volume":"67","author":"Hansteen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90369-7","article-title":"Effect of propranolol versus no antiarrhythmic drug on sudden cardiac death, total cardiac death, and total death in patients \u226562 years of age with heart disease, complex ventricular arrhythmias, and left ventricular ejection fraction \u226540%","volume":"74","author":"Aronow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90755-2","article-title":"Decrease of mortality by propranolol in patients with heart disease and complex ventricular arrhythmias is more an anti-ischemic than an antiarrhythmic effect","volume":"74","author":"Aronow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90651-2","article-title":"Prevention of ventricular fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction by intravenous propranolol","volume":"2","author":"Norris","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.6.1962","article-title":"Comparison of propranolol, diltiazem and nifedipine in the treatment of ambulatory ischemia in patients with stable angina: differential effects on ambulatory ischemia, exercise performance, and anginal symptoms","volume":"82","author":"Stone","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"Suppl I","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib32","first-page":"I94","article-title":"Effect of propranolol in reducing mortality in older myocardial infarction patients: the beta blocker heart attack trial experience","volume":"67","author":"Hawkins","year":"1983","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90490-C","article-title":"An antiarrhythmic drug experience in 941 patients resuscitated from an initial cardiac arrest between 1970 and 1985","volume":"68","author":"Hallstrom","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90445-6","article-title":"Circadian variation of sudden cardiac death or fatal myocardial infarction is abolished by propranolol in patients with heart disease and complex ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"74","author":"Aronow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90308-5","article-title":"Beta-blocker therapy in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial","volume":"74","author":"Kennedy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M352","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/57.6.M352","article-title":"Management of the older person with atrial fibrillation","volume":"57","author":"Aronow","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.83.3.491","article-title":"Superiority of oral verapamil therapy to digoxin in treatment of chronic atrial fibrillation","volume":"83","author":"Lang","year":"1983","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.73.2.316","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of medium and high-dose diltiazem alone and in combination with digoxin for control of heart rate at rest and during exercise in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation","volume":"73","author":"Roth","year":"1986","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(79)90456-9","article-title":"Inefficacy of digitalis in the control of heart rate in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation: beneficial effect of an added beta-adrenergic blocking agent","volume":"44","author":"David","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(91)90466-U","article-title":"Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of low dose amiodarone in patients with severe heart failure and asymptomatic frequent ventricular ectopy","volume":"122","author":"Nicklas","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90334-1","article-title":"Effectiveness of amiodarone on ventricular arrhythmias during and after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"60","author":"Hockings","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90889-7","article-title":"Beneficial effect of amiodarone on cardiac mortality in patients with asymptomatic complex ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction and preserved but not impaired left ventricular function","volume":"69","author":"Pfisterer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)09145-3","article-title":"Randomized trial of effect of amiodarone on mortality in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction after recent myocardial infarction: EMIAT","volume":"349","author":"Julian","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)08171-8","article-title":"Randomised trial of outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with frequent or repetitive ventricular premature depolarisations: CAMIAT","volume":"349","author":"Cairns","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91895-3","article-title":"Randomised trial of low dose amiodarone in severe congestive heart failure","volume":"344","author":"Doval","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507133330201","article-title":"Amiodarone in patients with congestive heart failure and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"333","author":"Singh","year":"1995","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043399","article-title":"Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure","volume":"352","author":"Bardy","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90525-1","article-title":"Long-term results of amiodarone therapy in patients with recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation","volume":"13","author":"Herre","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70F","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90966-G","article-title":"The CASCADE study: randomized anti-arrhythmic drug therapy in survivors of cardiac arrest in Seattle","volume":"72","author":"Greene","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90964-1","article-title":"Amiodarone for refractory atrial fibrillation","volume":"57","author":"Gold","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-0620(05)80022-2","article-title":"Sotalol: a new beta-adrenergic blocker for ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"37","author":"Cavusoglu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.04.020","article-title":"Risk factors and predictors of torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction receiving dofetilide","volume":"100","author":"Pedersen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03402-4","article-title":"Effect of dofetilide in patients with recent myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction: a randomised trial","volume":"356","author":"K\u00f8ber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-11-19","article-title":"Incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with either heart failure or acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction: a cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Schmiegelow","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"6A","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15D","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)03375-1","article-title":"Old and new antiarrhythmic drugs for converting and maintaining sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation: comparative efficacy and results of trials","volume":"91","author":"Naccarelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.04.034","article-title":"Meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcomes with dronedarone in patients with atrial fibrillation or heart failure","volume":"110","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109867","article-title":"for the PALLAS Investigators. Dronedarone in high-risk permanent atrial fibrillation","volume":"365","author":"Connolly","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1111997","article-title":"Dronedarone in atrial fibrillation - Jekyll and Hyde? (editorial)","volume":"365","author":"Nattel","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0b013e3181f4a6a2","article-title":"Vernakalant. A new drug to treat patients with acute onset atrial fibrillation","volume":"19","author":"Tian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib60","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of vernakalant in recent-onset atrial fibrillation after the European Medicines Agency approval: systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Fuccelletti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib61","series-title":"Cardiovascular pharmacotherapeutics","first-page":"99","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers","author":"Frishman","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167587","volume":"112","author":"Hunt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib63","series-title":"Cardiovascular pharmacotherapeutics","first-page":"189","article-title":"Inotropic agents","author":"LeJemtel","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00392-6","article-title":"Comparison of incidences of congestive heart failure in older African-Americans, Hispanics, and whites","volume":"84","author":"Aronow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-8-200210150-00006","article-title":"Outcome of congestive heart failure in elderly persons: influence of left ventricular systolic function. The Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"137","author":"Gottdiener","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06516.x","article-title":"Echocardiography should be performed in all elderly patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"42","author":"Aronow","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(82)90186-3","article-title":"Is digoxin really important in treatment of compensated heart failure? A placebo-controlled crossover study in patients with sinus rhythm","volume":"73","author":"Fleg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90264-X","article-title":"Lack of efficacy of digoxin in treatment of compensated congestive heart failure with third heart sound and sinus rhythm in elderly patients receiving diuretic therapy","volume":"58","author":"Aronow","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib69","first-page":"203A","article-title":"The effects of digoxin in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: analysis of Holter data from the CRAFT-I trial","volume":"21","author":"Murgatroyd","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.4.1038","article-title":"Failure of long-term digitalization to prevent rapid ventricular response in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"99","author":"Galun","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-199101020-00002","article-title":"Digoxin or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors for congestive heart failure in geriatric patients: which is the preferred treatment?","volume":"1","author":"Aronow","year":"1991","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00006","article-title":"Digitalis-induced visual disturbances with therapeutic serum digitalis concentrations","volume":"123","author":"Butler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib73","series-title":"Cardiovascular pharmacotherapeutics","first-page":"93","article-title":"Cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs","author":"Meyer","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001_bib74","series-title":"Cardiovascular pharmacotherapeutics","first-page":"493","article-title":"Cardiovascular drug-drug interactions","author":"Cheng-Lai","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Geriatric Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749069012000699?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749069012000699?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T15:41:53Z","timestamp":1745077313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749069012000699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749069012000699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0690","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}}}