{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T07:53:56Z","timestamp":1789890836722,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,6]],"date-time":"2008-03-06T19:17:59Z","timestamp":1204831079000},"page":"339-345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Prognostic Implications of Lactate, Bilirubin, and Etiology in German Patients With Acute Liver Failure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Johannes","family":"Hadem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Stiefel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias J.","family":"Bahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans L.","family":"Tillmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinan","family":"Rifai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Klempnauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiner","family":"Wedemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Manns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea S.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib1","series-title":"Progress in liver diseases","first-page":"282","article-title":"The management of fulminant hepatic failure","author":"Trey","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20703","article-title":"AASLD position paper: the management of acute liver failure","volume":"41","author":"Polson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib3","author":"Goldberg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib4","series-title":"Diseases of the liver","first-page":"852","article-title":"Fulminant hepatic failure","author":"O\u2019Grady","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00007","article-title":"Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States","volume":"137","author":"Ostapowicz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040593","article-title":"Fulminant and subfulminant liver failure: definitions and causes","volume":"6","author":"Bernuau","year":"1986","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib7","series-title":"Comprehensive clinical hepatology","first-page":"30.1","article-title":"Acute liver failure","author":"O\u2019Grady","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib8","first-page":"A318","article-title":"Etiologies and outcomes for acute liver failure at 6 sites around the world","volume":"24","author":"Bernal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90081-4","article-title":"Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"97","author":"O\u2019Grady","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.01.009","article-title":"How to decide when to list a patient with acute liver failure for liver transplantation?","volume":"46","author":"Renner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-42641","article-title":"Acute liver failure in the United States","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21119","article-title":"Acute liver failure in Spain: analysis of 267 cases","volume":"13","author":"Escorsell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80010-4","article-title":"Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure: an assessment of the King\u2019s criteria","volume":"26","author":"Anand","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199508000-00002","article-title":"Orthotopic liver transplantation in fulminant and subfulminant hepatitis: the Paul Brousse experience","volume":"222","author":"Bismuth","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230630","article-title":"Coagulation factor V levels as a prognostic indicator of fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"23","author":"Izumi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80532-X","article-title":"Emergency liver transplantation for acute liver failure","volume":"17","author":"Pauwels","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07743-7","article-title":"Blood lactate as an early predictor of outcome in paracetamol-induced acute liver failure: a cohort study","volume":"359","author":"Bernal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(85)80778-9","article-title":"Lactic acidosis in fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"1","author":"Bihari","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200111000-00011","article-title":"Liver and intestinal lactate metabolism in patients with acute hepatic failure undergoing liver transplantation","volume":"29","author":"Murphy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000100466.22441.37","article-title":"Biochemical prognostic markers of outcome in non-paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"27","author":"Dabos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i12.1949","article-title":"Hyperlactatemia in patients with non-acetaminophen-related acute liver failure","volume":"12","author":"Taura","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20427","article-title":"Blood lactate, but not serum phosphate levels can predict patient outcome in fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"9","author":"MacQuillan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib23","first-page":"C36","article-title":"The model for end stage liver disease (MELD): a useful tool to assess prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"10","author":"Yantorno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Liver Transl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312163292508","article-title":"Acute liver failure","volume":"329","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50016","article-title":"Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers","volume":"124","author":"Wiesner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib26","first-page":"240","article-title":"Fulminant hepatic failure: summary of a workshop","volume":"21","author":"Hoofnagle","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib27","series-title":"Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994, NHANES III Second Laboratory Data File (CD-ROM, series 11, no 2A), US Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)01051-5","article-title":"Infection and the progression of encephalopathy in ALF","volume":"125","author":"Vaquero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2005.00695.x","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of lamivudine in patients with severe acute or fulminant hepatitis B, a multicenter experience","volume":"13","author":"Tillmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21486","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of lamivudine to treat acute hepatitis B","volume":"45","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.03.010","article-title":"Phenprocoumon-induced liver disease ranges from mild acute hepatitis to (sub-) acute liver failure","volume":"41","author":"Schimanski","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21050","article-title":"Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure: an assessment of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and King\u2019s College Hospital Criteria","author":"Dhiman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21503","article-title":"MELD score as a predictor of liver failure and death in patients with acetaminophen-induced liver injury","volume":"45","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2006.01429.x","article-title":"MELD score to predict outcome in adult patients with non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure","volume":"27","author":"Katoonizadeh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20289","article-title":"Outcomes following liver transplantation for seronegative acute liver failure: experience during a 12-year period with more than 100 patients","volume":"1","author":"Wigg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000194724.70031.B6","article-title":"Prognostic implications of hyperlactatemia, muliple organ failure, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure","volume":"34","author":"Schmidt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356507012426?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356507012426?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:02:11Z","timestamp":1761541331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356507012426"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356507012426"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prognostic Implications of Lactate, Bilirubin, and Etiology in German Patients With Acute Liver Failure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.039","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}