{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:52:23Z","timestamp":1787237543189,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,5]],"date-time":"2008-06-05T08:48:32Z","timestamp":1212655712000},"page":"789-798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Relationship Between Hospital Volume and Outcomes of Esophageal Variceal Bleeding in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Myers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen D.","family":"Papay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel Aziz M.","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilaad G.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197912203012503","article-title":"Should operations be regionalized?","volume":"301","author":"Luft","year":"1979","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198009000-00006","article-title":"The relation between surgical volume and mortality: an exploration of causal factors and alternative models","volume":"18","author":"Luft","year":"1980","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa035205","article-title":"Surgeon volume and operative mortality in the United States","volume":"349","author":"Birkmeyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-6-200209170-00012","article-title":"Is volume related to outcome in health care?","volume":"137","author":"Halm","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.9.1159","article-title":"Selective referral to high-volume hospitals: estimating potentially avoidable deaths","volume":"283","author":"Dudley","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00462.x","article-title":"Association of center volume with outcome after liver and kidney transplantation","volume":"4","author":"Axelrod","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912303412703","article-title":"The effect of the volume of procedures at transplantation centers on mortality after liver transplantation","volume":"341","author":"Edwards","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.134.1.30","article-title":"The relationship between hospital volume and outcomes of hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"134","author":"Glasgow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.20645","article-title":"Mortality following liver resection in US medicare patients: does the presence of a liver transplant program affect outcome?","volume":"95","author":"Dixon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.07.2454","article-title":"Volume-based referral for cancer surgery: informing the debate","volume":"25","author":"Hollenbeck","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib11","first-page":"157","article-title":"The volume-outcome relationship: practice-makes-perfect or selective-referral patterns?","volume":"22","author":"Luft","year":"1987","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21907","article-title":"Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis","volume":"46","author":"Garcia-Tsao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.05.009","article-title":"Evolving consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno IV consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension","volume":"43","author":"de Franchis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzg016","article-title":"Hospital experience and outcomes for esophageal variceal bleeding","volume":"15","author":"Dy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib16","author":"Whalen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib17","series-title":"International Classificiation of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM)","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199801000-00004","article-title":"Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data","volume":"36","author":"Elixhauser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50385","article-title":"Upper digestive bleeding in cirrhosis","volume":"38","author":"D'Amico","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07294.x","article-title":"Improved patient survival after acute variceal bleeding: a multicenter, cohort study","volume":"98","author":"Chalasani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20339","article-title":"Improved survival after variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis over the past two decades","volume":"40","author":"Carbonell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3566","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03376.x","article-title":"Improved survival after variceal hemorrhage over an 11-year period in the Department of Veterans Affairs","volume":"95","author":"El-Serag","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2006.08.002","article-title":"Improved survival of patients presenting with acute variceal bleeding: prognostic indicators of short- and long-term mortality","volume":"38","author":"Thomopoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.32532","article-title":"Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) for predicting mortality in patients with acute variceal bleeding","volume":"35","author":"Chalasani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models","volume":"73","author":"Liang","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib27","series-title":"Risk adjustment for measuring health outcomes","first-page":"231","article-title":"Evaluating risk-adjustment models empirically","author":"Shwartz","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib28","author":"Houchens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-8-200310210-00009","article-title":"The effect of clustering of outcomes on the association of procedure volume and surgical outcomes","volume":"139","author":"Panageas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib30","first-page":"517","article-title":"A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between in-hospital mortality in New York State and the volume of abdominal aortic aneurysm surgeries performed","volume":"27","author":"Hannan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21089","article-title":"Improved prognosis for patients hospitalized with esophageal varices in Sweden 1969-2002","volume":"43","author":"Stokkeland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.5.682","article-title":"Improving prognosis following a first variceal haemorrhage over four decades","volume":"49","author":"McCormick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21580","article-title":"Racial disparities in the management of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and complications of portal hypertension: a national study","volume":"45","author":"Nguyen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-195501000-00002","article-title":"The life history of patients with cirrhosis of the liver and bleeding esophageal varices","volume":"141","author":"Nachlas","year":"1955","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196302282680905","article-title":"The natural history of cirrhosis: I\u2014survival with esophageal varices","volume":"268","author":"Garceau","year":"1963","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(81)90144-X","article-title":"The course of patients after variceal hemorrhage","volume":"80","author":"Graham","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.24.4.903","article-title":"Health spending in the United States and the rest of the industrialized world","volume":"24","author":"Anderson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198503000-00004","article-title":"Predicting hospital charge and stay variation: the role of patient teaching status, controlling for diagnosis-related group, demographic characteristics, and severity of illness","volume":"23","author":"Jones","year":"1985","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198405103101906","article-title":"Case mix, costs, and outcomes","volume":"310","author":"Garber","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib40","series-title":"Risk adjustment for measuring health care outcomes","first-page":"83","article-title":"Coded data from administrative sources","author":"Iezzoni","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000132391.59713.0d","article-title":"Validity of procedure codes in International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification administrative data","volume":"42","author":"Quan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib42","first-page":"679","article-title":"Measuring hospital mortality rates: are 30-day data enough?","volume":"29","author":"Garnick","year":"1995","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007_bib43","first-page":"1449","article-title":"Relationships between in-hospital and 30-day standardized hospital mortality: implications for profiling hospitals","volume":"34","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356508002462?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356508002462?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:01:40Z","timestamp":1761541300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356508002462"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356508002462"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Relationship Between Hospital Volume and Outcomes of Esophageal Variceal Bleeding in the United States","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}