{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:45:55Z","timestamp":1791326755562,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,8]],"date-time":"2012-11-08T04:45:30Z","timestamp":1352349930000},"page":"333-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Gastrointestinal Complications of Cystic Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Gelfond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drucy","family":"Borowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1938.01980140114013","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and its relation to celiac disease: a clinical and pathological study","volume":"56","author":"Andersen","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2475911","article-title":"Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: cloning and characterization of complementary DNA","volume":"245","author":"Riordan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra043184","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis","volume":"352","author":"Rowe","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105185","article-title":"A CFTR potentiator in patients with cystic fibrosis and the G551D mutation","volume":"365","author":"Ramsey","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115358","article-title":"Localization of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in pancreas","volume":"88","author":"Marino","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)91085-V","article-title":"Localization of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in human bile duct epithelial cells","volume":"105","author":"Cohn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116966","article-title":"Localization of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mRNA in the human gastrointestinal tract by in situ hybridization","volume":"93","author":"Strong","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G82","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00245.2010","article-title":"Physiological relevance of cell-specific distribution patterns of CFTR, NKCC1, NBCe1, and NHE3 along the crypt-villus axis in the intestine","volume":"300","author":"Jakab","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.02.019","article-title":"A review of pathophysiology and management of fetuses and neonates with meconium ileus for the pediatric surgeon","volume":"47","author":"Carlyle","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.2005.tb00964.x","article-title":"Early decline of pancreatic function in cystic fibrosis patients with class 1 or 2 CFTR mutations","volume":"40","author":"Walkowiak","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib11","series-title":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry, 2011 annual data report to the center directors","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.8.1159","article-title":"Molecular consequences of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene mutations in the exocrine pancreas","volume":"52","author":"Ahmed","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-1809.2003.00028.x","article-title":"The phenotypic consequences of CFTR mutations","volume":"67","author":"Rowntree","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib14","first-page":"200","article-title":"Symposium summaries: S19.1 the genetics basis of meconium ileus","volume":"46","author":"Strug","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatric Pulmonology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib15","first-page":"S49","article-title":"Liver disease in cystic fibrosis","volume":"43","author":"Colombo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300527","article-title":"Natural history of liver disease in cystic fibrosis","volume":"30","author":"Lindblad","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.1.52","article-title":"Clinical and genetic risk factors for cystic fibrosis-related liver disease","volume":"103","author":"Wilschanski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1295","article-title":"Genetic modifiers of liver disease in cystic fibrosis","volume":"302","author":"Bartlett","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710023371403","article-title":"Nutritional benefits of neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis: Wisconsin Cystic Fibrosis Neonatal Screening Study Group","volume":"337","author":"Farrell","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.1.1","article-title":"Early diagnosis of cystic fibrosis through neonatal screening prevents severe malnutrition and improves long-term growth: Wisconsin Cystic Fibrosis Neonatal Screening Study Group","volume":"107","author":"Farrell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.6.1549","article-title":"Cognitive function of children with cystic fibrosis: deleterious effect of early malnutrition","volume":"113","author":"Koscik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.08.003","article-title":"Preventing early, prolonged vitamin E deficiency: an opportunity for better cognitive outcomes via early diagnosis through neonatal screening","volume":"147","author":"Koscik","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.152","article-title":"Growth and nutritional indexes in early life predict pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis","volume":"142","author":"Konstan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.3.588","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in growth parameters are correlated with changes in pulmonary function in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"112","author":"Peterson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.7.596","article-title":"Relationship between nutritional status and lung function in cystic fibrosis: cross sectional and longitudinal analyses from the German CF quality assurance (CFQA) project","volume":"57","author":"Steinkamp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3089","article-title":"Recovery of birth weight z score within 2 years of diagnosis is positively associated with pulmonary status at 6 years of age in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"123","author":"Lai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.107891","article-title":"Longitudinal relationship among growth, nutritional status, and pulmonary function in children with cystic fibrosis: analysis of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation National CF Patient Registry","volume":"137","author":"Zemel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.02.020","article-title":"Evidence-based practice recommendations for nutrition-related management of children and adults with cystic fibrosis and pancreatic insufficiency: results of a systematic review","volume":"108","author":"Stallings","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310000536","article-title":"Faecal elastase-1: clinical value in the assessment of exocrine pancreatic function in children","volume":"159","author":"Walkowiak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.124829","article-title":"How useful is fecal pancreatic elastase 1 as a marker of exocrine pancreatic disease?","volume":"141","author":"Beharry","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199208000-00011","article-title":"Decline of exocrine pancreatic function in cystic fibrosis patients with pancreatic sufficiency","volume":"32","author":"Couper","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.09.003","article-title":"Pancreatic enzyme therapy and clinical outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"146","author":"Baker","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-1993(02)00032-2","article-title":"Nutrition in patients with cystic fibrosis: a European Consensus","volume":"1","author":"Sinaasappel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70153-2","article-title":"Use of pancreatic enzyme supplements for patients with cystic fibrosis in the context of fibrosing colonopathy: Consensus Committee","volume":"127","author":"Borowitz","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02390.x","article-title":"Effect of the administration schedule on the therapeutic efficacy of oral pancreatic enzyme supplements in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: a randomized, three-way crossover study","volume":"21","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.04.004","article-title":"Dynamic regulation of CFTR bicarbonate permeability by [Cl-]i and its role in pancreatic bicarbonate secretion","volume":"139","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib37","first-page":"G718","article-title":"Dual role of CFTR in cAMP-stimulated HCO3 secretion across murine duodenum","volume":"274","author":"Clarke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib38","article-title":"Intestinal pH and gastrointestinal transit profiles in cystic fibrosis patients measured by wireless motility capsule","author":"Gelfond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1053\/bega.2001.0195","article-title":"Gastric acid suppression and treatment of severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency","volume":"15","author":"DiMagno","year":"2001","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-003-1309-5","article-title":"Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, improves residual steatorrhoea in cystic fibrosis patients treated with high dose pancreatic enzymes","volume":"162","author":"Proesmans","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1998.tb01503.x","article-title":"Effects of a proton-pump inhibitor in cystic fibrosis","volume":"87","author":"Tran","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0496(200101)31:1<59::AID-PPUL1008>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Changes in pulmonary hyperinflation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness following treatment with lansoprazole in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"31","author":"Hendriks","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199705013361803","article-title":"High-dose pancreatic-enzyme supplements and fibrosing colonopathy in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"336","author":"FitzSimmons","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197607292950503","article-title":"Hyperuricosuria due to high-dose pancreatic extract therapy in cystic fibrosis","volume":"295","author":"Stapleton","year":"1976","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.1.e13","article-title":"Desensitization to pancreatic enzyme intolerance in a child with cystic fibrosis","volume":"102","author":"Chamarthy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib46","author":"Cherney"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3282f36d16","article-title":"The changing face of the exocrine pancreas in cystic fibrosis: pancreatic sufficiency, pancreatitis and genotype","volume":"20","author":"Walkowiak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.046","article-title":"Type of CFTR mutation determines risk of pancreatitis in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"140","author":"Ooi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib49","first-page":"207","article-title":"Origins of chloride and bicarbonate secretory defects in the cystic fibrosis pancreas, as suggested by pancreatic function studies on control and CF subjects with preserved pancreatic function","volume":"12","author":"Kopelman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Invest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607106030002143","article-title":"Nutrition support in acute pancreatitis: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"30","author":"McClave","year":"2006","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib51","first-page":"375","article-title":"Nutrition support in acute pancreatitis","volume":"9","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2008","journal-title":"JOP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)32155-6","article-title":"Microlithiasis: an important cause of \u201cidiopathic\u201d acute pancreatitis?","volume":"2","author":"Venneman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.4.01841305","article-title":"Pancreatic cystosis in children and young adults with cystic fibrosis: sonographic, CT, and MRI findings","volume":"184","author":"Berrocal","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib54","series-title":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry, 2010 annual data report to the center directors","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2010.06.004","article-title":"Characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux in adults with cystic fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Sabati","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689809100103","article-title":"Prevalence and mechanisms of gastro-oesophageal reflux in adult cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"91","author":"Ledson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04786.x","article-title":"Gastric emptying and different types of reflux in adult patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"34","author":"Pauwels","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2011.72.3.137","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its comorbidities","volume":"72","author":"Rabinovich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00068901","article-title":"Factors associated with poor pulmonary function: cross-sectional analysis of data from the ERCF\u2014European Epidemiologic Registry of Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"18","author":"Navarro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1177\/084653718803900204","article-title":"The association of cystic fibrosis, gastroesophageal reflux, and reduced pulmonary function","volume":"39","author":"Stringer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21598","article-title":"The impact of reflux burden on Pseudomonas positivity in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"47","author":"Palm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2010.06.004","article-title":"Characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux in adults with cystic fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Sabati","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80748-8","article-title":"Complications of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"100","author":"Bendig","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib64","first-page":"1934","article-title":"Barrett's esophagus in children with cystic fibrosis: not a coincidental association","volume":"88","author":"Hassall","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2007.07.005","article-title":"The risk of gastrointestinal malignancies in cystic fibrosis: case report of a patient with a near obstructing villous adenoma found on colon cancer screening and Barrett's esophagus","volume":"7","author":"Alexander","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003424.pub2","article-title":"Drug therapies for reducing gastric acidity in people with cystic fibrosis","volume":"4","author":"Ng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.16.1955","article-title":"Risk of community-acquired pneumonia and use of gastric acid-suppressive drugs","volume":"292","author":"Laheij","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e817","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1655","article-title":"Therapy with gastric acidity inhibitors increases the risk of acute gastroenteritis and community-acquired pneumonia in children","volume":"117","author":"Canani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.06.040","article-title":"Gastric acid inhibition for fat malabsorption or gastroesophageal reflux disease in cystic fibrosis: longitudinal effect on bacterial colonization and pulmonary function","volume":"155","author":"van der Doef","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01275.x","article-title":"Systematic review of the risk of enteric infection in patients taking acid suppression","volume":"102","author":"Leonard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9271-5","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and Clostridium difficile in cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"51","author":"Yahav","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib72","first-page":"345012","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection and proton pump inhibitor use in hospitalized pediatric cystic fibrosis patients","author":"Pohl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-9974-5-1","article-title":"Cough in adult cystic fibrosis: diagnosis and response to fundoplication","volume":"5","author":"Fathi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cough"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2011.216","article-title":"Antireflux surgery preserves lung function in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and end-stage lung disease before and after lung transplantation","volume":"146","author":"Hoppo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181a6e01d","article-title":"Defining DIOS and constipation in cystic fibrosis with a multicentre study on the incidence, characteristics, and treatment of DIOS","volume":"50","author":"Houwen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-1993(11)60005-2","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of distal intestinal obstruction syndrome in cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"10","author":"Colombo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib77","first-page":"356","article-title":"The age-related incidence of meconium ileus equivalent in a cystic fibrosis population: the impact of high-energy intake","volume":"11","author":"Andersen","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.61.11.1128","article-title":"Gastrografin in acute meconium ileus equivalent","volume":"61","author":"O'Halloran","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.30192.x","article-title":"Colonic toxicity of administered drugs and chemicals","volume":"99","author":"Cappell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcpc0902225","article-title":"Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital: case 262009\u2014a 34-year-old man with cystic fibrosis with abdominal pain and distention","volume":"361","author":"Freedman","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G942","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00264.2005","article-title":"Effect of a selective chloride channel activator, lubiprostone, on gastrointestinal transit, gastric sensory, and motor functions in healthy volunteers","volume":"290","author":"Camilleri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1M642","article-title":"Use of the chloride channel activator lubiprostone for constipation in adults with cystic fibrosis: a case series","volume":"44","author":"O'Brien","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1Q219","article-title":"Lubiprostone for constipation in adults with cystic fibrosis: a pilot study","volume":"45","author":"O'Brien","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2009.11.003","article-title":"Constipation in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients: an underestimated medical condition","volume":"9","author":"van der Doef","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.1998.00159.x","article-title":"Bowel dysfunction in cystic fibrosis: importance of breath testing","volume":"34","author":"Lewindon","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31802c0ceb","article-title":"Risk factors for small bowel bacterial overgrowth in cystic fibrosis","volume":"44","author":"Fridge","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G104","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00548.2006","article-title":"Altered transit and bacterial overgrowth in the cystic fibrosis mouse small intestine","volume":"293","author":"De Lisle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib88","first-page":"631","article-title":"Small intestine bacterial overgrowth is frequent in cystic fibrosis: combined hydrogen and methane measurements are required for its detection","volume":"56","author":"Lisowska","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-13-2-247","article-title":"Bacterial flora of the jejunum: a comparison of luminal aspirate and mucosal biopsy","volume":"13","author":"Bhat","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02087437","article-title":"Crohn's disease and cystic fibrosis","volume":"39","author":"Lloyd-Still","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib91","first-page":"141","article-title":"Celiac disease: a pediatric perspective","volume":"18","author":"Mihailidi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000166801.61708.60","article-title":"Frequency of ASCA seropositivity in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"41","author":"Condino","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21903","article-title":"Serological antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Prideaux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2009.01477.x","article-title":"Persistent elevated tissue-transglutaminase in cystic fibrosis","volume":"45","author":"Hasosah","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900993","article-title":"SUMOylation of tissue transglutaminase as link between oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"183","author":"Luciani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2009.02.002","article-title":"Co-morbidity of cystic fibrosis and celiac disease in Scandinavian cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"8","author":"Fluge","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199502233320803","article-title":"The risk of cancer among patients with cystic fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis and Cancer Study Group","volume":"332","author":"Neglia","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib98","series-title":"Screening for colorectal cancer: an updated systematic review","author":"Whitlock","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib99","series-title":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry, 2008 annual data report to the center directors","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib100","series-title":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry, 2009 annual data report to the center directors","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840360613","article-title":"Liver disease in cystic fibrosis: a prospective study on incidence, risk factors, and outcome","volume":"36","author":"Colombo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.08.006","article-title":"Epidemiology of liver disease in cystic fibrosis: a longitudinal study","volume":"41","author":"Lamireau","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-1993(11)60006-4","article-title":"Best practice guidance for the diagnosis and management of cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Debray","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib104","first-page":"E1","article-title":"North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Annual Meeting, October 25-27, 2007, Salt Lake City, Utah","volume":"45","author":"Woodruff","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182432034","article-title":"Transcriptional basis for hepatic fibrosis in cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease","volume":"54","author":"Pereira","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib106","article-title":"Platelet count, spleen length, and platelet count\/spleen length ratio for the diagnosis of oesophageal varices in patients with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis","volume":"10","author":"Gana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib107","first-page":"32","article-title":"Can the histologic changes of cystic fibrosis-associated hepatobiliary disease be predicted by clinical criteria?","volume":"25","author":"Potter","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16107-2","article-title":"Portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome","volume":"363","author":"Hoeper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20465","article-title":"Variceal hemorrhage and cystic fibrosis: outcomes and implications for liver transplantation","volume":"11","author":"Gooding","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22240","article-title":"Liver transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis: analysis of United Network for Organ Sharing data","volume":"17","author":"Mendizabal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23389","article-title":"Pulmonary function in individuals who underwent liver transplantation: from the US cystic fibrosis foundation registry","volume":"18","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356512013080?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356512013080?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:11:13Z","timestamp":1761541873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356512013080"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356512013080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gastrointestinal Complications of Cystic Fibrosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}