{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T06:48:59Z","timestamp":1781333339389,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]],"date-time":"2015-03-10T13:35:07Z","timestamp":1425994507000},"page":"1899-1906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Science, Evidence, and Practice of Dietary Interventions in Irritable Bowel Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Brian E.","family":"Lacy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.061","article-title":"Functional bowel disorders","volume":"130","author":"Longstreth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.02.029","article-title":"Global prevalence of and risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Lovell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01303162","article-title":"U.S. householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact","volume":"38","author":"Drossman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03192.x","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of the Rome and Manning criteria for case identification in epidemiological investigations of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Saito","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520600554451","article-title":"Physicians\u2019 attitudes and practices in the evaluation and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Lacy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.131","article-title":"Effect of gender on prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in the community: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"107","author":"Lovell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib7","unstructured":"National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. National Center for Health Statistics: NAMCS Description. Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/about\/major\/ahcd\/namcsdes.htm. Accessed February 15, 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.16484","article-title":"The impact of irritable bowel syndrome on health-related quality of life","volume":"119","author":"Gralnek","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-9_Part_2-200105011-00010","article-title":"Health-related qualify of life and health care costs in severe, refractory irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"134","author":"Creed","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(02)85143-8","article-title":"Health-related quality of life associated with irritable bowel syndrome: comparison with other chronic diseases","volume":"24","author":"Frank","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.08.002","article-title":"Burden of gastrointestinal disease in the United States: 2012 update","volume":"143","author":"Peery","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07296.x","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome, health care use, and costs: a U.S. managed care perspective","volume":"98","author":"Longstreth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200624010-00002","article-title":"Costs of irritable bowel syndrome in the UK and US","volume":"24","author":"Maxion-Bergemann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.09.002","article-title":"American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on the pharmacological management of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"147","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.187","article-title":"American College of Gastroenterology monograph on the management of irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation","volume":"109","author":"Ford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.07026.x","article-title":"Utility of the Rome I and Rome II criteria for irritable bowel syndrome in U.S. women","volume":"97","author":"Chey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1159\/000051878","article-title":"Food-related gastrointestinal symptoms in the irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Simren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01678.x","article-title":"Risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome: role of analgesics and food sensitivities","volume":"95","author":"Locke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01256.x","article-title":"Perceived food and drug allergies in functional and organic gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"16","author":"Bhat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602367","article-title":"Perceived food intolerance in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome \u2013 etiology, prevalence and consequences","volume":"60","author":"Monsbakken","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.105","article-title":"Self-reported food-related gastrointestinal symptoms of IBS are common and associated with more severe symptoms and reduced quality of life","volume":"108","author":"Bohn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03328.x","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome: patients\u2019 attitudes, concerns, and level of knowledge","volume":"25","author":"Lacy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2008.01167.x","article-title":"Effects of chili on postprandial gastrointestinal symptoms in diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome: evidence of capsaicin-sensitive visceral nociception hypersensitivity","volume":"21","author":"Gonlachanvit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i10.2456","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome: emerging paradigm in pathophysiology","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.05.026","article-title":"The prevalence of food allergy: a meta-analysis","volume":"120","author":"Rona","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib26","first-page":"805","article-title":"Update on food allergy","volume":"113","author":"Sampson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.10.008","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: report of the NIAID-sponsored experts panel","volume":"126","author":"Boyce","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.6.745","article-title":"Colonoscopic allergen provocation (COLAP): a new diagnostic approach for gastrointestinal food allergy","volume":"40","author":"Bischoff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1987.tb10705.x","article-title":"Immunological hypersensitivity to environmental antigens in the irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Finn","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-10-13","article-title":"Spectrum of gluten-related disorders: consensus on new nomenclature and classification","volume":"10","author":"Sapone","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1017\/S002966511200081X","article-title":"Emerging concepts: from coeliac disease to non-celiac gluten sensitivity","volume":"71","author":"Aziz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533614529163","article-title":"Characterization of adults with a self-diagnosis of nonceliac gluten sensitivity","volume":"29","author":"Biesiekierski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.5.1185","article-title":"Histamine and histamine intolerance","volume":"85","author":"Maintz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2001.00979.x","article-title":"Increased leukotriene production by food additives in patients with atopic dermatitis and proven food intolerance","volume":"31","author":"Worm","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.37.110801.143820","article-title":"Genetics of lactase persistence and lactose intolerance","volume":"37","author":"Swallow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03557.x","article-title":"Review article: lactose intolerance in clinical practice \u2013 myths and realities","volume":"27","author":"Lomer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520410005405","article-title":"Lactose malabsorption in a population with irritable bowel syndrome: prevalence and symptoms. A case-control study","volume":"7","author":"Farup","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.034","article-title":"Prevalence and presentation of lactose intolerance and effects of dairy product intake in healthy subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib39","first-page":"1228S","article-title":"National estimates of dietary fructose intake increased from 1977 to 2004 in the United States","volume":"139","author":"Marriott","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G202","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00457.2010","article-title":"Intestinal fructose transport and malabsorption in humans","volume":"300","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528708991486","article-title":"Malabsorption of fructose-sorbitol mixtures. Interactions causing abdominal distress","volume":"22","author":"Rumessen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-3100-8","article-title":"Effect of nonabsorbed amounts of a fructose-sorbitol mixture on small intestinal transit in healthy volunteers","volume":"51","author":"Madsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529209000148","article-title":"Fructose and related food carbohydrates","volume":"27","author":"Rumessen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2005.07.002","article-title":"Fructose intake at current levels in the United States may cause gastrointestinal distress in normal adults","volume":"105","author":"Beyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.04.008","article-title":"Ability of the normal human intestine to absorb fructose: evaluation by breath testing","volume":"5","author":"Rao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04237.x","article-title":"Dietary poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates increase delivery of water and fermentable substrates to the proximal colon","volume":"31","author":"Barrett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90621-7","article-title":"Role of fructose-sorbitol malabsorption in the irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"99","author":"Nelis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2011.09.025","article-title":"Combination of erythritol and fructose increases gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy adults","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.2010.01139.x","article-title":"Quantification of fructans, galacto-oligosaccharides and other short-chain carbohydrates in processed grains and cereals","volume":"24","author":"Biesiekierski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hum Nutr Diet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06370.x","article-title":"Manipulation of dietary short chain carbohydrates alters the pattern of gas production and genesis of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Ong","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.02284.x","article-title":"Intestinal permeability in patients with irritable bowel syndrome after a waterborne outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in Walkerton, Ontario","volume":"20","author":"Marshall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00672.x","article-title":"Abnormal intestinal permeability in subgroups of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndromes","volume":"101","author":"Dunlop","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.140806","article-title":"Impaired intestinal barrier integrity in the colon of patients with irritable bowel syndrome: involvement of soluble mediators","volume":"58","author":"Piche","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.472","article-title":"The jejunum of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome shows molecular alterations in the tight junction signaling pathway that are associated with mucosal pathophysiology and clinical manifestations","volume":"107","author":"Martinez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.01.049","article-title":"A\u00a0controlled trial of gluten-free diet in patients with irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea: effects on bowel frequency and intestinal function","volume":"144","author":"Vazquez-Roque","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.07.046","article-title":"Confocal endomicroscopy shows food-associated changes in the intestinal mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"147","author":"Fritscher-Ravens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01317083","article-title":"Hydrogen breath test quantification and clinical correlation of lactose malabsorption in adult irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis","volume":"29","author":"Sciaretta","year":"1984","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.198","article-title":"Bloating and distention in irritable bowel syndrome: the role of gas production and visceral sensation after lactose ingestion in a population with lactase deficiency","volume":"108","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.108712","article-title":"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Posserud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1276-4","article-title":"Abnormal breath testing in IBS: a meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Shah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2010.07.007","article-title":"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth","volume":"24","author":"Quigley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.09.055","article-title":"Breath testing for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: maximizing test accuracy","volume":"12","author":"Saad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11209","article-title":"A\u00a0framework for human microbiome research","volume":"486","author":"Methe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08821","article-title":"A\u00a0human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomics sequencing","volume":"464","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.073817","article-title":"Reduced diversity of faecal microbiota in Crohn\u2019s disease revealed by a metagenomic approach","volume":"55","author":"Manichanh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302167","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota in functional bowel disorders: a Rome foundation report","volume":"62","author":"Simren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/284283a0","article-title":"Mechanism of action of dietary fibre in the human colon","volume":"284","author":"Stephen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.63","article-title":"Fiber and functional gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"108","author":"Eswaran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.195","article-title":"The effect of fiber supplementation on irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Moayyedi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92782-9","article-title":"Food intolerance: a major factor in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Jones","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib71","first-page":"47","article-title":"The irritable bowel syndrome and food hypersensitivity","volume":"61","author":"Zwetchkenbaum","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.037697","article-title":"Food elimination based on IgG antibodies in irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Atkinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.02.023","article-title":"A\u00a0very low-carbohydrate diet improves symptoms and quality of life in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.07.010","article-title":"Fructose malabsorption and symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: guidelines for effective dietary management","volume":"106","author":"Shepherd","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31802cbc2f","article-title":"Fructose intolerance in IBS and utility of fructose-restricted diet","volume":"42","author":"Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.487","article-title":"Gluten causes gastrointestinal symptoms in subjects without celiac disease: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"106","author":"Biesiekierski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.04.051","article-title":"No effects of gluten in patients with self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity after dietary reduction of fermentable, poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates","volume":"145","author":"Biesiekierski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2008.09.004","article-title":"Reduction of dietary poorly absorbed short-chain carbohydrates (FODMAPs) improves abdominal symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease \u2013 a pilot study","volume":"3","author":"Gearry","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.2011.01162.x","article-title":"Comparison of symptom response following advice for a diet low in fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs) versus standard dietary advice in patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Staudacher","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hum Nutr Diet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib80","first-page":"1510","article-title":"Fermentable carbohydrate restriction reduces luminal Bifidobacteria and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"142","author":"Staudacher","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12128","article-title":"The low FODMAP diet improves gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective study","volume":"67","author":"De Roest","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.09.046","article-title":"A\u00a0diet low in FODMAPs reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Halmos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16215","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i43.16215","article-title":"Ehealth: low FODMAP diet vs. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Pedersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509371767","article-title":"Effects of a gluten-free diet on gut microbiota and immune function in healthy adult subjects","volume":"102","author":"DePalma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508094658","article-title":"Comparative effects of very low-carbohydrate, high-fat and high-carbohydrates, low-fat weight-loss diets on bowel habit and fecal short-chain fatty acids and bacterial populations","volume":"101","author":"Brinkworth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307264","article-title":"Diets that differ in their FODMAP content alter the colonic luminal microenvironment","volume":"64","author":"Halmos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356515002487?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356515002487?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:18:41Z","timestamp":1761542321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356515002487"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356515002487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Science, Evidence, and Practice of Dietary Interventions in Irritable Bowel Syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.043","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}