{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T11:14:07Z","timestamp":1791803647168,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T04:15:36Z","timestamp":1498104936000},"page":"1915-1921.e2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Factors Associated With Efficacy of Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Fecal Incontinence, Based on Post-Hoc Analysis of Data From a Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Emma J.","family":"Horrocks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami A.","family":"Chadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha J.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Wexner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530070057030","article-title":"Community-based prevalence of anal incontinence","volume":"274","author":"Nelson","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/28.3.301","article-title":"Mortality in relation to urinary and faecal incontinence in elderly people living at home","volume":"28","author":"Nakanishi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01303162","article-title":"U.S. householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact","volume":"38","author":"Drossman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12018","article-title":"Accidental bowel leakage in the mature women\u2019s health study: prevalence and predictors","volume":"66","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib5","series-title":"Faecal incontinence: the management of faecal incontinence in adults","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15999-0","article-title":"Sacral spinal nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence: multicentre study","volume":"363","author":"Matzel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-007-9103-5","article-title":"Sacral nerve stimulation is more effective than optimal medical therapy for severe fecal incontinence: a randomized, controlled study","volume":"51","author":"Tjandra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181cf8ed0","article-title":"Sacral nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence: results of a 120-patient prospective multicenter study","volume":"251","author":"Wexner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1159\/000069399","article-title":"Percutaneous peripheral neuromodulation in the treatment of fecal incontinence","volume":"35","author":"Shafik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182a6266c","article-title":"Outcome of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for fecal incontinence","volume":"259","author":"Hotouras","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib11","first-page":"2001","article-title":"Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation effects on detrusor overactivity incontinence are not due to a placebo effect: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial","volume":"184","author":"Finazzi-Agr\u00f2","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib12","first-page":"1438","article-title":"Randomized trial of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus sham efficacy in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome: results from the SUmiT trial","volume":"183","author":"Peters","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9391","article-title":"Systematic review of tibial nerve stimulation to treat faecal incontinence","volume":"101","author":"Horrocks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60314-2","article-title":"Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus sham electrical stimulation for the treatment of faecal incontinence in adults (CONFIDeNT): a double-blind, multicentre, pragmatic, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial","volume":"386","author":"Knowles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01342-2","article-title":"The CONFIDeNT trial - authors' reply","volume":"387","author":"Knowles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-007-9115-1","article-title":"Stapled transanal rectal resection in solitary rectal ulcer associated with prolapse of the rectum: a prospective study","volume":"51","author":"Boccasanta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02056950","article-title":"A\u00a0constipation scoring system to simplify evaluation and management of constipated patients","volume":"39","author":"Agachan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib18","first-page":"2194","article-title":"Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for the long-term treatment of overactive bladder: 3-year results of the STEP study","volume":"189","author":"Peters","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9587","article-title":"Effects of stimulation frequency and intensity in sacral neuromodulation on anorectal inputs to the somatosensory cortex in an experimental model","volume":"101","author":"Evers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318247d49f","article-title":"Prospective randomized double-blind study of temporary sacral nerve stimulation in patients with rectal evacuatory dysfunction and rectal hyposensitivity","volume":"255","author":"Knowles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13125","article-title":"Sacral neuromodulation for persistent faecal incontinence after laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for high-grade internal rectal prolapse","volume":"18","author":"Mishra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.117","article-title":"Placebo effects and their determinants in gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"12","author":"Elsenbruch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.06.054","article-title":"Changes in bowel symptoms 1 year after rectocele repair","volume":"207","author":"Sung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e3182a85aa6","article-title":"Laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for fecal incontinence associated with high-grade internal rectal prolapse","volume":"56","author":"Gosselink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-014-2696-9","article-title":"Laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for faecal incontinence: equivalent benefit is seen in internal and external rectal prolapse","volume":"19","author":"Gosselink","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-015-2492-3","article-title":"SaFaRI: sacral nerve stimulation versus the FENIX magnetic sphincter augmentation for adult faecal incontinence: a randomised investigation","volume":"31","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib27","unstructured":"Hodgekiss A. Me and my operation: tiny needle in your ankle to\u00a0stop those urgent trips to the loo. August 27, 2013. Available\u00a0from: http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/health\/article-2402951\/faecal-incontinence-Tiny-needle-ankle-stop-urgent-trips-loo.html. Accessed: June 27,\u00a02016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.25.24.44.s51","article-title":"Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for patients with faecal incontinence","volume":"25","author":"Allison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nurs Stand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00282-8","article-title":"The CONFIDeNT trial","volume":"387","author":"Iqbal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00280-4","article-title":"The CONFIDeNT trial","volume":"387","author":"Hartley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00281-6","article-title":"The CONFIDeNT trial","volume":"387","author":"Hotouras","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356517307395?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356517307395?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:24:23Z","timestamp":1761542663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356517307395"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356517307395"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Factors Associated With Efficacy of Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Fecal Incontinence, Based on Post-Hoc Analysis of Data From a Randomized Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.032","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 by the AGA Institute","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}