{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T12:43:05Z","timestamp":1778071385763,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T22:46:23Z","timestamp":1524609983000},"page":"1964-1973.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Incidence of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation and Hepatotoxicity in Patients Receiving Long-term Treatment With Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5488-1398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Patricia","family":"Pauly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7980-9272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lue-Yen","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Szpakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna B.","family":"Ready","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Baer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5896-4182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna S.-F.","family":"Lok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S156","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22945","article-title":"Reactivation of hepatitis B","volume":"49","author":"Hoofnagle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90599-G","article-title":"Reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in patients receiving cytotoxic therapy. Report of a prospective study","volume":"100","author":"Lok","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3182380a76","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-targeted therapy: analysis of 257 cases","volume":"90","author":"Perez-Alvarez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.208413","article-title":"Liver dysfunction related\u00a0to hepatitis B and C in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with immunosuppressive therapy","volume":"59","author":"Loras","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.148783","article-title":"Kinetics of viral loads and risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis B core antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha therapy","volume":"70","author":"Lan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-010-0367-5","article-title":"Prospective study of reactivation of hepatitis B virus in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who received immunosuppressive therapy: evaluation of both HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative cohorts","volume":"46","author":"Tamori","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-010-0337-z","article-title":"Prevalence of reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"21","author":"Urata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.10.039","article-title":"American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus reactivation during immunosuppressive drug therapy","volume":"148","author":"Reddy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.12.025","article-title":"Liver injury from tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists: analysis of thirty-four cases","volume":"11","author":"Ghabril","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib10","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program.\u00a0Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) version 2.0. 1998. Available at:\u00a0http:\/\/ctep.cancer.gov\/protocoldevelopment\/electronic_applications\/docs\/ctcv20_4-30-992.pdf. Accessed April 24,\u00a02017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.033","article-title":"Hepatitis B flares in chronic hepatitis B: pathogenesis, natural course, and management","volume":"61","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.216","article-title":"Management of patients with hepatitis B who require immunosuppressive therapy","volume":"11","author":"Hwang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep242","article-title":"Benefit of anti-TNF therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients with moderate disease activity","volume":"48","author":"Hyrich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02238.x","article-title":"Adalimumab-induced lethal hepatitis B virus reactivation in an HBsAg-negative patient with clinically resolved hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"30","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10274","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i36.10274","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus reactivation associated with antirheumatic therapy: Risk and prophylaxis recommendations","volume":"21","author":"Mori","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61412-X","article-title":"Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013","volume":"386","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib17","first-page":"1624","article-title":"Fulminant hepatitis after infliximab in a patient with hepatitis B virus treated for an adult onset still's disease","volume":"30","author":"Michel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.040675","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B reactivation following infliximab therapy in Crohn's disease patients: need for primary prophylaxis","volume":"53","author":"Esteve","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i6.974","article-title":"Subfulminant hepatitis B after infliximab in Crohn's disease: need for HBV-screening?","volume":"12","author":"Millonig","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-013-2450-9","article-title":"Hepatitis reactivation in patients with rheumatic diseases after immunosuppressive therapy\u2013a report of long-term follow-up of serial cases and literature review","volume":"33","author":"Xuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2007.10.011","article-title":"Use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection","volume":"38","author":"Carroll","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27716","article-title":"Safety of long-term biologic therapy in rheumatologic patients with a previously resolved hepatitis B viral infection","volume":"62","author":"Barone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926836","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/926836","article-title":"HBV Reactivation in patients treated with antitumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) agents for rheumatic and dermatologic conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2014","author":"Cantini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-013-2385-1","article-title":"Anti-TNF therapy in patients with HBV infection\u2013analysis of 87 patients with inflammatory arthritis","volume":"33","author":"Ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-13-534","article-title":"Trends in hepatitis B virus screening at the onset of chemotherapy in a large US cancer center","volume":"13","author":"Hwang","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.09.026","article-title":"Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy","volume":"125","author":"Lau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib27","first-page":"118","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in rheumatic patients with hepatitis core antigen (HBV occult carriers) undergoing anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib28","first-page":"93","article-title":"Long-term safety of anti-TNF agents on the liver of patients with spondyloarthritis and potential occult hepatitis B viral infection: an observational multicentre study","volume":"35","author":"Giannitti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib29","first-page":"25","article-title":"No detection of occult HBV-DNA in patients with various rheumatic diseases treated with anti-TNF agents: a two-year prospective study","volume":"31","author":"Giardina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39480","article-title":"2015 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"68","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.08.049","article-title":"From the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation: recommendations for screening for hepatitis B infection before initiating anti-tumor necrosis factor-alfa inhibitors or other immunosuppressive agents in patients with psoriasis","volume":"70","author":"Motaparthi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03822.x","article-title":"Review article: The use of potentially hepatotoxic drugs in patients with liver disease","volume":"28","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22294","article-title":"Identification of risk factors for elevated transaminases in methotrexate users through an electronic health record","volume":"66","author":"Schmajuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S154235651830394X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S154235651830394X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:25:28Z","timestamp":1761542728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S154235651830394X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S154235651830394X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Incidence of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation and Hepatotoxicity in Patients Receiving Long-term Treatment With Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.033","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by the AGA Institute","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}