{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T18:05:25Z","timestamp":1792433125034,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T02:34:09Z","timestamp":1616121249000},"page":"e429-e437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Relationship Between Gastric Emptying Rate and Simultaneously Assessed Symptoms in Functional Dyspepsia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Florencia","family":"Carbone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rowie","family":"De Buysscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Van den Houte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolien","family":"Schol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Goelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3206-6704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Tack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.011","article-title":"Gastroduodenal disorders","volume":"150","author":"Stanghellini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.499","article-title":"Pathophysiological abnormalities in functional dyspepsia subgroups according to the Rome III criteria","volume":"112","author":"Vanheel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306084","article-title":"Gastroparesis: separate entity or just a part of dyspepsia?","volume":"63","author":"Stanghellini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01434.x","article-title":"Gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia: excerpts from the AGA\/ANMS meeting","volume":"22","author":"Parkman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2014.11.015","article-title":"Idiopathic gastroparesis","volume":"44","author":"Parkman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.104","article-title":"Functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis: one disease or two?","volume":"107","author":"Lacy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04566.x","article-title":"Review article: endpoints used in functional dyspepsia drug therapy trials","volume":"33","author":"Ang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-004-9567-x","article-title":"Development and psychometric evaluation of the patient assessment of upper gastrointestinal symptom severity index (PAGI-SYM) in patients with upper gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"13","author":"Rentz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1023\/B:QURE.0000021689.86296.e4","article-title":"Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI): development and validation of a patient reported assessment of severity of gastroparesis symptoms","volume":"13","author":"Revicki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.116","article-title":"Gastroparesis: pathogenesis, diagnosis and management","volume":"8","author":"Hasler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.089508","article-title":"Determinants of symptom pattern in idiopathic severely delayed gastric emptying: gastric emptying rate or proximal stomach dysfunction?","volume":"56","author":"Karamanolis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2008.01081.x","article-title":"Visceral hypersensitivity and impaired accommodation in refractory diabetic gastroparesis","volume":"20","author":"Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2008.09.009","article-title":"Prokinetics and fundic relaxants in upper functional GI disorders","volume":"8","author":"Tack","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2018.08.015","article-title":"New developments in the treatment of gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia","volume":"43","author":"Tack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2018.08.004","article-title":"Evaluation of patients with suspected gastroparesis","volume":"29","author":"Szarka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldt003","article-title":"Diabetic gastroparesis","volume":"105","author":"Vanormelingen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15191","article-title":"Review article: treatment options for functional dyspepsia","volume":"49","author":"Masuy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.118","article-title":"The relation between symptom improvement and gastric emptying in the treatment of diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis","volume":"108","author":"Janssen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000304","article-title":"Prucalopride in gastroparesis: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover study","volume":"114","author":"Carbone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.249","article-title":"Effects of promotility agents on gastric emptying and symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"156","author":"Vijayvargiya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.035279","article-title":"Influence of erythromycin on gastric emptying and meal related symptoms in functional dyspepsia with delayed gastric emptying","volume":"54","author":"Arts","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.07.053","article-title":"Analysis of postprandial symptom patterns in subgroups of patients with Rome III or Rome IV functional dyspepsia","volume":"18","author":"Carbone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90640-X","article-title":"Measurement of gastric\u00a0emptying rate of solids by means of a carbon-labeled octanoic acid breath test","volume":"104","author":"Ghoos","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib24","first-page":"211","article-title":"13C-octanoic acid breath test: a reliable tool for measuring gastric emptying","volume":"30","author":"Perri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13365","article-title":"Reproducibility of gastric emptying assessed with scintigraphy in patients with upper GI symptoms","volume":"30","author":"Desai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07389.x","article-title":"Symptoms associated with impaired gastric emptying of solids and liquids in functional dyspepsia","volume":"98","author":"Sarnelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.078634","article-title":"Functional dyspepsia, delayed gastric emptying, and impaired quality of life","volume":"55","author":"Talley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib28","article-title":"Gastroparesis: outcome of focus groups for the development of a questionnaire for symptom assessment in patients suffering from idiopathic and diabetes gastroparesis","author":"Carbone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12381","article-title":"Functional dyspepsia: outcome of focus groups for the development of a questionnaire for symptom assessment in patients suffering from postprandial distress syndrome (PDS)","volume":"26","author":"Carbone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000393","article-title":"Functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis","volume":"33","author":"Tack","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000220","article-title":"Gastroparesis","volume":"31","author":"Tack","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.011","article-title":"Gastroduodenal disorders","volume":"150","author":"Stanghellini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.07.053","article-title":"Analysis of postprandial symptom patterns in subgroups of patients with Rome III or Rome IV functional dyspepsia","volume":"18","author":"Carbone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90640-X","article-title":"Measurement of gastric emptying rate of solids by means of a carbon-labeled octanoic acid breath test","volume":"104","author":"Ghoos","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib35","first-page":"211","article-title":"13C-octanoic acid breath test: a reliable tool for measuring gastric emptying","volume":"30","author":"Perri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.137125","article-title":"Relationship between symptoms and ingestion of a meal in functional dyspepsia","volume":"57","author":"Bisschops","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.035279","article-title":"Influence of erythromycin on gastric emptying and meal related symptoms in functional dyspepsia with delayed gastric emptying","volume":"54","author":"Arts","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib38","first-page":"824","article-title":"Combined carbon-13-glycine\/carbon-14-octanoic acid breath test to monitor gastric emptying rates of liquids and solids","volume":"35","author":"Maes","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018881419010","article-title":"Gastric emptying rate of solids in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia","volume":"42","author":"Maes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07389.x","article-title":"Symptoms associated with impaired gastric emptying of solids and liquids in functional dyspepsia","volume":"98","author":"Sarnelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.089508","article-title":"Determinants of symptom pattern in idiopathic severely delayed gastric emptying: gastric emptying rate or proximal stomach dysfunction?","volume":"56","author":"Karamanolis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.01.009","article-title":"A\u00a0stable isotope breath test with a standard meal for abnormal gastric emptying of solids in the clinic and in research","volume":"6","author":"Szarka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.092_c.x","article-title":"Reproducibility and simplification of 13C-octanoic acid breath test for gastric emptying of solids","volume":"93","author":"Choi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.2967\/jnmt.107.048116","article-title":"Consensus recommendations for gastric emptying scintigraphy: a joint report of the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society and the Society of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"36","author":"Abell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70012-5","article-title":"Role of impaired gastric accommodation to a meal in functional dyspepsia","volume":"115","author":"Tack","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.2.219","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in the gastric accommodation reflex and in meal induced satiety in humans","volume":"51","author":"Tack","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356521003335?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356521003335?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:36:46Z","timestamp":1761543406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356521003335"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356521003335"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Relationship Between Gastric Emptying Rate and Simultaneously Assessed Symptoms in Functional Dyspepsia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 by the AGA Institute","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}