{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:49:55Z","timestamp":1791499795160,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/igo\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006364","name":"Institut National Du Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006364","name":"Institut National Du Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SHSESP17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHSESP17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T00:34:22Z","timestamp":1634862862000},"page":"e1338-e1352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Investigation Using Large-scale Molecular Data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6927-3360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Rothwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazda","family":"Jenab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojgan","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Th\u00e9r\u00e8se","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahya","family":"Mahamat-Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Ghazaleh","family":"Dashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilman","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Severi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc J.","family":"Gunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8","article-title":"IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome - a new worldwide definition","volume":"366","author":"Alberti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0666","article-title":"Diabetes and cancer: a consensus report","volume":"33","author":"Giovannucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0336","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Esposito","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib4","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes and cancer: umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies","volume":"350","author":"Tsilidis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.3.836S","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome, hyperinsulinemia, and colon cancer: a review","volume":"86","author":"Giovannucci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6277","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S154848","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"OncoTarg Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26338","article-title":"Metabolic risk factors and primary liver cancer in a prospective study of 578,700 adults","volume":"131","author":"Borena","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.12.029","article-title":"Independent of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma risk is increased with diabetes and metabolic syndrome","volume":"130","author":"Kasmari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-019-0366-3","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and liver-related events: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21950","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome and risk of incident colorectal cancer","volume":"107","author":"Ahmed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0218","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and risks of colon and rectal cancer: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study","volume":"4","author":"Aleksandrova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32737","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome, metabolic components, and their relation to the risk of pancreatic cancer","volume":"126","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-1012-6","article-title":"Association of obesity status and metabolic syndrome with site-specific cancers: a population-based cohort study","volume":"123","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brit J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R133","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddz187","article-title":"Towards clinical utility of polygenic risk scores","volume":"28","author":"Lambert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlpt.2012.07.003","article-title":"UK Biobank: current status and what it means for epidemiology","volume":"1","author":"Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Policy Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib16","series-title":"The UK Biobank cohort [dataset]","author":"Bycroft","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib17","series-title":"UK Biobank Biomarker Project: companion document to accompany serum biomarker data","author":"Fry","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z","article-title":"The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data","volume":"562","author":"Bycroft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","volume":"120","author":"Alberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome - a new world-wide definition. A consensus statement from the International Diabetes Federation","volume":"23","author":"Alberti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6084","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19600-4","article-title":"Pan-cancer analysis demonstrates that integrating polygenic risk scores with modifiable risk factors improves risk prediction","volume":"11","author":"Kachuri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0286-6","article-title":"Discovery of common and rare genetic risk variants for colorectal cancer","volume":"51","author":"Huyghe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-02942-5","article-title":"Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies five new susceptibility loci for pancreatic cancer","volume":"9","author":"Klein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor Package","volume":"36","author":"Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38959","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.8341","article-title":"Current perspectives between metabolic syndrome and cancer","volume":"7","author":"Micucci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57132","article-title":"Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease","volume":"121","author":"Lumeng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm361","article-title":"Adiposity, physical activity, and pancreatic cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Cohort","volume":"167","author":"Stolzenberg-Solomon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16438","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, polygenic risk score and colorectal cancer risk","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67530-7","volume":"366","author":"Khan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma. Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089368","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective study on metabolic risk factors and gallbladder cancer in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer (Me-Can) collaborative study","volume":"9","author":"Borena","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-103","article-title":"Metabolic risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma: a prospective study of 580,000 subjects within the Me-Can project","volume":"14","author":"Lindkvist","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2015.03.001","article-title":"Role of obesity in the pathogenesis and progression of Barrett\u2019s esophagus","volume":"44","author":"Chandar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23198","article-title":"Esophageal cancer and body mass index: results from a prospective study of 220,000 men in China and a meta-analysis of published studies","volume":"122","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx246","article-title":"Comparison of sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of UK Biobank participants with those of the general population","volume":"186","author":"Fry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356521011290?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356521011290?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:37:39Z","timestamp":1761543459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356521011290"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356521011290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Investigation Using Large-scale Molecular Data","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 by the AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}