{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:06:02Z","timestamp":1792839962714,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012416","name":"Inova Health System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T11:22:37Z","timestamp":1636456957000},"page":"2296-2306.e6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes From Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Across the World: Data From the Global Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)\/ Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Registry"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9313-577X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zobair M.","family":"Younossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Lung","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Wai-Sun Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlen Castellanos","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasily A.","family":"Isakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay K.","family":"Duseja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahum","family":"Mendez-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Eguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Bugianesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Burra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Gao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George V.","family":"Papatheodoridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wah Kheong","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Alswat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid S.","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwani K.","family":"Singal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Romero-Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart C.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart K.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El Kassas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Kugelmas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janus P.","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Ziayee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issah","family":"Younossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Racila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Stepanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318813","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic liver diseases in the USA in the past three decades","volume":"69","author":"Younossi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\u2014meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.109","article-title":"Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Younossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.05.064","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the most rapidly increasing indication for liver transplantation in the United States","volume":"19","author":"Younossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28123","article-title":"Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States from 2004 to 2009","volume":"62","author":"Younossi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001172","article-title":"Among Medicare patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common etiology and cause of mortality","volume":"54","author":"Hester","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-019-09995-8","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Golabi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1510","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease are major drivers of liver mortality in the United States","volume":"4","author":"Paik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30161","article-title":"Changing trends in etiology-based and ethnicity-based annual mortality rates of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States","volume":"69","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31173","article-title":"Changes in the global burden of chronic liver diseases from 2012 to 2017: the growing impact of NAFLD","volume":"72","author":"Paik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1599","article-title":"The growing burden of disability related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: data from the global burden of disease 2007-2017","volume":"4","author":"Paik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1760","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence trends among adolescents and young adults in the United States, 2007-2016","volume":"5","author":"Arshad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib13","article-title":"Transient elastography accurately screens for compensated advanced chronic liver disease in patients with ongoing or recent alcohol withdrawal","author":"Legros","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.042","article-title":"Accuracy of FibroScan controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement in assessing steatosis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"156","author":"Eddowes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29721","article-title":"Diagnostic modalities for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and associated fibrosis","volume":"68","author":"Younossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.01.001","article-title":"Validation of chronic liver disease questionnaire for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"17","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13391","article-title":"A\u00a0disease-specific quality of life instrument for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: CLDQ-NAFLD","volume":"37","author":"Younossi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-79","article-title":"The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) measurement system: properties, applications, and interpretation","volume":"1","author":"Webster","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-199304050-00006","article-title":"The validity and reproducibility of a work productivity and activity impairment instrument","volume":"4","author":"Reilly","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.3055","article-title":"The burden of primary liver cancer and underlying etiologies from 1990 to 2015 at the global, regional, and national level: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"3","author":"Global Burden of Disease Liver Cancer Collaboration","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i28.3669","article-title":"Importance of fatigue and its measurement in chronic liver disease","volume":"25","author":"Gerber","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.06.001","article-title":"Perception of effort during activity in patients with chronic hepatitis C and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"8","author":"Weinstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12038","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with low level of physical activity: a population-based study","volume":"36","author":"Gerber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28785","article-title":"The economic and\u00a0clinical burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the\u00a0United States and Europe","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2337\/cd18-0026","article-title":"Patients with lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are metabolically abnormal and have a higher risk for mortality","volume":"37","author":"Golabi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30077-7","article-title":"Global prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of non-obese or lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356521011836?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356521011836?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:39:02Z","timestamp":1761543542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356521011836"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356521011836"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes From Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Across the World: Data From the Global Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)\/ Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Registry","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 by the AGA Institute","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}