{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T09:02:29Z","timestamp":1788858149852,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006436","name":"Celgene","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006436","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020406","name":"Dr. Falk Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020406","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["33CS30_148422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33CS30_148422"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32473B_160115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32473B_160115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32473B_185008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32473B_185008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011110","name":"UCB","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011110","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009857","name":"Regeneron Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009857","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008373","name":"Takeda Pharmaceutical Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008373","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015756","name":"Cilag","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T02:01:44Z","timestamp":1637028104000},"page":"1729-1738.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Sex Impacts Disease Activity But Not Symptoms or Quality of Life in Adults With Eosinophilic Esophagitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1610-1925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Safroneeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Benoit","family":"Rossel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Limacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Saner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Greuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Schoepfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Straumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Biedermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13441","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: The incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis in children and adults in population-based studies","volume":"43","author":"Arias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.06.067","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"154","author":"Dellon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2017.4","article-title":"Genetics of eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"10","author":"Kottyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.05.066","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"154","author":"Straumann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib5","first-page":"722","article-title":"Manometric determination of esophageal length","volume":"89","author":"Li","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.5.594","article-title":"Associations between different forms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease","volume":"41","author":"el-Serag","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2010.0184","article-title":"The influence of gender and of aids on the immunity of autopsied patients' esophagus","volume":"27","author":"Rocha","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31561-0","article-title":"Sex and gender: Modifiers of health, disease, and medicine","volume":"396","author":"Mauvais-Jarvis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.342","article-title":"Influence of race and gender on the presentation of eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"107","author":"Sperry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12307","article-title":"Gender is a determinative factor in the initial clinical presentation of eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"29","author":"Lynch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.08.034","article-title":"Effects of race and sex on features of eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"14","author":"Moawad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1159\/000486131","article-title":"Cohort profile: The swiss eosinophilic esophagitis cohort study (seecs)","volume":"2","author":"Safroneeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm Intest Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.08.028","article-title":"Development and validation of a symptom-based activity index for adults with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"147","author":"Schoepfer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04791.x","article-title":"The adult eosinophilic oesophagitis quality of life questionnaire: A new measure of health-related quality of life","volume":"34","author":"Taft","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301817","article-title":"Endoscopic assessment of the oesophageal features of eosinophilic oesophagitis: Validation of a novel classification and grading system","volume":"62","author":"Hirano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000957","article-title":"Dilation modifies association between symptoms and esophageal eosinophilia in adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"115","author":"Safroneeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.657","article-title":"Esophageal dilation in eosinophilic esophagitis: Effectiveness, safety, and impact on the underlying inflammation","volume":"105","author":"Schoepfer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.540_i.x","article-title":"The menstrual cycle and its effect on inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome: A prevalence study","volume":"93","author":"Kane","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib19","first-page":"728","article-title":"Influence of sex and disease on illness-related concerns in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"13","author":"Maunder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib20","article-title":"Visceral hypersensitivity is together with psychological distress and female gender associated with severity of IBS-like symptoms in quiescent ulcerative colitis","volume":"33","author":"Mavroudis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib21","first-page":"89","article-title":"Sex difference in irritable bowel syndrome: Do gonadal hormones play a role?","volume":"17","author":"Mulak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Pol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2011.248","article-title":"Effect of sex on symptoms associated with gastroesophageal reflux","volume":"146","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib23","first-page":"901","article-title":"Evidence of gender differences in esophageal pain threshold","volume":"90","author":"Nguyen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.12.014","article-title":"Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and proton pump inhibitor-refractory symptoms","volume":"158","author":"Delshad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15000","article-title":"Adults with eosinophilic oesophagitis identify symptoms and quality of life as the most important outcomes","volume":"48","author":"Safroneeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640617707095","article-title":"Determinant factors of quality of life in adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"6","author":"Lucendo","year":"2018","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2012.07.012","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease: Psychosocial, clinical, socioeconomic, and demographic predictors","volume":"7","author":"Moradkhani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib28","first-page":"509","article-title":"Gender and disease activity influence health-related quality of life in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"52","author":"Saibeni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib29","first-page":"203","article-title":"Gender related differences in quality of life and affective status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"35","author":"Hauser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23321","article-title":"Women with ankylosing spondylitis: A review","volume":"59","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib31","first-page":"47","article-title":"Why don't men seek help? Family physicians' perspectives on help-seeking behavior in men","volume":"48","author":"Tudiver","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03485.x","article-title":"\u201cThe laundry bag project\u201d--unequal distribution of dermatological healthcare resources for male and female psoriatic patients in sweden","volume":"47","author":"Nyberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.07.017","article-title":"Sex differences in dieting trends, eating habits, and nutrition beliefs of a group of midwestern college students","volume":"106","author":"Davy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.11.004","article-title":"Symptoms have modest accuracy in detecting endoscopic and histologic remission in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"150","author":"Safroneeva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640616689525","article-title":"Guidelines on eosinophilic esophagitis: Evidence-based statements and recommendations for diagnosis and management in children and adults","volume":"5","author":"Lucendo","year":"2017","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356521012210?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356521012210?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:56:30Z","timestamp":1777618590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356521012210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356521012210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sex Impacts Disease Activity But Not Symptoms or Quality of Life in Adults With Eosinophilic Esophagitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 by the AGA Institute","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}