{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T11:43:31Z","timestamp":1792755811973,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T01:57:17Z","timestamp":1643594237000},"page":"398-405.e4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Inverse Association Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5055-5627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0118-0341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna C.","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.052","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 2020: the state of the disease","volume":"158","author":"Cotter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.80","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"1","author":"Brunt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0912063","article-title":"Risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"363","author":"Targher","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.03.005","article-title":"Contribution of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to the burden of liver-related morbidity and mortality","volume":"150","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i6.1718","article-title":"Vitamin D: a new player in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?","volume":"21","author":"Eliades","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12377","article-title":"Meta-analysis: vitamin D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"38","author":"Eliades","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516000386","article-title":"Low vitamin D levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, evidence for their independent association in men in East China: a cross-sectional study (Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (SPECT-China))","volume":"115","author":"Zhai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001486","article-title":"Association of serum vitamin D level and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2014.48","article-title":"Serum vitamin D is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese males with normal weight and liver enzymes","volume":"35","author":"Hao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9080806","article-title":"The association between vitamin D insufficiency and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based study","volume":"9","author":"Ha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168216","article-title":"Docosahexanoic acid plus vitamin D treatment improves features of NAFLD in children with serum vitamin D deficiency: results from a single centre trial","volume":"11","author":"Della Corte","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0336-5","article-title":"Does vitamin D improve liver enzymes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? A randomized clinical trial","volume":"47","author":"Sharifi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.020","article-title":"Effect of daily calcitriol supplementation with and without calcium on disease regression in non-alcoholic fatty liver patients following an energy-restricted diet: randomized, controlled, double-blind trial","volume":"36","author":"Lorvand Amiri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0638-y","article-title":"No effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Barchetta","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib15","series-title":"Mendelian Randomization: Methods for Using Genetic Variants in Causal Estimation","author":"Burgess","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.12.027","article-title":"Vitamin D and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2019.09.004","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: does race\/ethnicity matter? Findings from the MESA cohort","volume":"30","author":"El Khoudary","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02662-2","article-title":"Genome-wide association study in 79,366 European-ancestry individuals informs the genetic architecture of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2017.06.014","article-title":"Low-frequency synonymous coding variation in CYP2R1 has large effects on vitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis","volume":"101","author":"Manousaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.04.003","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of non-alcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis in a histologically characterised cohort(\u2606)","volume":"73","author":"Anstee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib21","author":"FinnGen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib23","series-title":"Endotext","article-title":"Vitamin D: Production, metabolism, and mechanisms of action","author":"Bikle","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1247","article-title":"Genetic prediction of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, and parathyroid hormone levels in relation to development of type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"42","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib25","first-page":"114","article-title":"An atlas on risk factors for multiple sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"268","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15421-7","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies 143 loci associated with 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration","volume":"11","author":"Revez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/s41525-021-00250-4","article-title":"Serum calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in relation to longevity, cardiovascular disease and cancer: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"6","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Genom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-288","article-title":"GWAMA: software for genome-wide association meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"M\u00e4gi","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4291\/wjgp.v8.i2.11","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: diagnostic biomarkers","volume":"8","author":"Hadizadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3211","article-title":"LD Score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies","volume":"47","author":"Bulik-Sullivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3406","article-title":"An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits","volume":"47","author":"Bulik-Sullivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","article-title":"Consistent estimation in Mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator","volume":"40","author":"Bowden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","article-title":"Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression","volume":"44","author":"Bowden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","article-title":"Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases","volume":"50","author":"Verbanck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408","article-title":"The MR-Base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome","volume":"7","author":"Hemani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075197","article-title":"Low vitamin D status is associated with nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease independent of visceral obesity in Korean adults","volume":"8","author":"Seo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23724","article-title":"Low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) in children with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"51","author":"Manco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib38","first-page":"185","article-title":"Vitamin D is associated with severity and mortality of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a US population-based study","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-0107-8","article-title":"Vitamin D status, liver enzymes, and incident liver disease and mortality: a general population study","volume":"47","author":"Skaaby","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000443","article-title":"Strong association between serum Vitamin D and Vaspin Levels, AIP, VAI and liver enzymes in NAFLD patients","volume":"90","author":"Izadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7389","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO01095B","article-title":"Vitamin D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26390","article-title":"Vitamin D and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): is it more than just an association?","volume":"58","author":"Kwok","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24737","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in obese rats exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and increases hepatic resistin and Toll-like receptor activation","volume":"55","author":"Roth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.210","article-title":"The independent association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and adiponectin and its relation with BMI in 2 large cohorts: the NHS and the HPFS","volume":"20","author":"Vaidya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.682","article-title":"1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) triggered vitamin D receptor and farnesoid X receptor-like effects in rat intestine and liver in\u00a0vivo","volume":"30","author":"Chow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biopharm Drug Dispos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2017.1389693","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a critical and systematic review of clinical trials","volume":"59","author":"Sharifi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356522000751?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356522000751?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:40:53Z","timestamp":1761543653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356522000751"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356522000751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inverse Association Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 by the AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}