{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:12:58Z","timestamp":1788369178119,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":358,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T21:09:56Z","timestamp":1645218596000},"page":"2619-2627.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["IOIBD Recommendations for Clinical Trials in Ulcerative Proctitis: The PROCTRIAL Consensus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte","family":"Caron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria T.","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corey A.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remo","family":"Panaccione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce E.","family":"Sands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Dignass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Dotan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ailsa L.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineet","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Allez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwin N.","family":"Ananthakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subrata","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Halfvarson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Kaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo G.","family":"Kotze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis E.","family":"Koutroubakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Lakatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arie","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Magro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerassimos J.","family":"Mantzaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colm","family":"O\u2019Morain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Reinisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Rogler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Sachar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britta","family":"Siegmund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Silverberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajit","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Spinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Steinwurz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curt","family":"Tysk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus K.","family":"Yamamoto-Furusho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Sandborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Danese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Peyrin-Biroulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.2174\/138945011796818117","article-title":"Natural history of ulcerative colitis: current knowledge","volume":"12","author":"Kiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520802600961","article-title":"Clinical course during the first 10 years of ulcerative colitis: results from a population-based inception cohort (IBSEN Study)","volume":"44","author":"Solberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200411000-00006","article-title":"Oral mesalazine (5-ASA) treatment may protect against proximal extension of mucosal inflammation in ulcerative proctitis","volume":"10","author":"Pica","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324108","article-title":"Drug development for ulcerative proctitis: current concepts","volume":"70","author":"Caron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx009","article-title":"Third European Evidence-based Consensus on Diagnosis and Management of Ulcerative Colitis. Part 2: current management","volume":"11","author":"Harbord","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640620941345","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of patients with ulcerative proctitis: analysis from a large referral centre cohort","volume":"8","author":"Dubois","year":"2020","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050516","article-title":"Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"353","author":"Rutgeerts","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.221127","article-title":"Adalimumab for induction of clinical remission in moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: results of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"60","author":"Reinisch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.10.032","article-title":"Adalimumab induces and maintains clinical remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis","volume":"142","author":"Sandborn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.05.048","article-title":"Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis","volume":"146","author":"Sandborn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.06.010","article-title":"Subcutaneous golimumab maintains clinical response in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis","volume":"146","author":"Sandborn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215734","article-title":"Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"369","author":"Feagan","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606910","article-title":"Tofacitinib as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"376","author":"Sandborn","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1900750","article-title":"Ustekinumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"381","author":"Sands","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310393","article-title":"Development and validation of a histological index for UC","volume":"66","author":"Mosli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310187","article-title":"Development and validation of the Nancy histological index for UC","volume":"66","author":"Marchal-Bressenot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.3.404","article-title":"A\u00a0reproducible grading scale for histological assessment of inflammation in ulcerative colitis","volume":"47","author":"Geboes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.12.031","article-title":"STRIDE-II: An Update on the Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE) Initiative of the International Organization for the Study of IBD (IOIBD): determining therapeutic goals for treat-to-target strategies in IBD","volume":"160","author":"Turner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa110","article-title":"ECCO position paper: harmonization of the approach to ulcerative colitis histopathology","volume":"14","author":"Magro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.02.035","article-title":"An international consensus to standardize integration of histopathology in ulcerative colitis clinical trials","volume":"160","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300049","article-title":"Development of the first disability index for inflammatory bowel disease based on the international classification of functioning, disability and health","volume":"61","author":"Peyrin-Biroulet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050307","article-title":"Etiology and management of fecal incontinence","volume":"36","author":"Jorge","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.1.77","article-title":"Prospective comparison of faecal incontinence grading systems","volume":"44","author":"Vaizey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.1.29","article-title":"A\u00a0simple clinical colitis activity index","volume":"43","author":"Walmsley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2020-101566","article-title":"Constipation in ulcerative colitis: pathophysiology and practical management","volume":"12","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib27","first-page":"1571","article-title":"The Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire: a quality of life instrument for community physicians managing inflammatory bowel disease. CCRPT Investigators. Canadian Crohn\u2019s Relapse Prevention Trial","volume":"91","author":"Irvine","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"389","author":"Ungaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib29","first-page":"19","volume":"23","year":"2018","journal-title":"Guideline on the development of new medicinal products for the\u00a0treatment of Ulcerative Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.t01-1-01770.x","article-title":"The natural history of ulcerative proctitis: a multicenter, retrospective study. Gruppo di Studio per le Malattie Infiammatorie Intestinali (GSMII)","volume":"95","author":"Meucci","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2018.05.009","article-title":"The treatment of refractory ulcerative colitis","volume":"32\u201333","author":"Pineton de Chambrun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12076","article-title":"Characterization of ulcerative colitis-associated constipation syndrome (proximal constipation)","volume":"2","author":"James","year":"2018","journal-title":"JGH Open"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356522001884?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356522001884?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:39:05Z","timestamp":1761543545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356522001884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356522001884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"IOIBD Recommendations for Clinical Trials in Ulcerative Proctitis: The PROCTRIAL Consensus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.032","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 by the AGA Institute","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}