{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:34:15Z","timestamp":1792611255140,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T22:40:03Z","timestamp":1657752003000},"page":"2318-2326.e7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Carvedilol Achieves Higher Hemodynamic Response and Lower Rebleeding Rates Than Propranolol in Secondary Prophylaxis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mathias","family":"Jachs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Hartl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Simbrunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Paternostro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenz","family":"Balcar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Hofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Pfisterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Scheiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert F.","family":"St\u00e4ttermayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Pinter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Trauner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Mandorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4590-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Reiberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2021.01.004","article-title":"Prevention of variceal bleeding and rebleeding by nonselective beta-blockers: a tailored approach","volume":"25","author":"Jachs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-304038","article-title":"Carvedilol for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with haemodynamic non-response to propranolol","volume":"62","author":"Reiberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31875-0","article-title":"\u03b2 blockers to prevent decompensation of cirrhosis in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension (PREDESCI): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial","volume":"393","author":"Villanueva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.024","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"69","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12452","article-title":"Drugs plus ligation to prevent rebleeding in cirrhosis: an updated systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Puente","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29267","article-title":"Stratifying risk in the prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage: results of an individual patient meta-analysis","volume":"66","author":"Albillos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s11901-019-00469-x","article-title":"Hepatic venous pressure gradient response in non-selective beta-blocker treatment\u2014is it worth measuring?","volume":"18","author":"Mandorfer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Hepatol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91740-3","article-title":"Relation between portal pressure response to pharmacotherapy and risk of recurrent variceal haemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"346","author":"Feu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50133","article-title":"Hemodynamic response to pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension and long-term prognosis of cirrhosis","volume":"37","author":"Abraldes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.01.017","article-title":"Maintenance of hemodynamic response to treatment for portal hypertension and influence on complications of cirrhosis","volume":"40","author":"Villanueva","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25686","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of hemodynamic responders to pharmacological therapy after variceal bleeding","volume":"56","author":"Augustin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.06.015","article-title":"Multicentre randomised controlled study comparing carvedilol with variceal band ligation in the prevention of variceal rebleeding","volume":"61","author":"Stanley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.005","article-title":"Carvedilol use is associated with improved survival in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites","volume":"67","author":"Sinha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16189","article-title":"Carvedilol is associated with improved survival in patients with cirrhosis: a long-term follow-up study","volume":"53","author":"McDowell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15166","article-title":"Non-selective beta-blockers in patients with ascites: the complex interplay among the liver, kidney and heart","volume":"42","author":"T\u00e9llez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23775","article-title":"Deleterious effects of beta-blockers on survival in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites","volume":"52","author":"Serst\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.12.022","article-title":"Baveno VII - renewing consensus in portal hypertension","volume":"76","author":"de Franchis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib18","first-page":"160","article-title":"Measurement of the hepatic venous pressure gradient and transjugular liver biopsy","author":"Reiberger","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vis Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-013-0337-z","article-title":"Austrian consensus on the definition and treatment of portal hypertension and its complications (Billroth II)","volume":"125","author":"Peck-Radosavljevic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-017-1262-3","article-title":"Austrian consensus guidelines on the management and treatment of portal hypertension (Billroth III)","volume":"129","author":"Reiberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-861464","article-title":"Austrian consensus on the definition and treatment of portal hypertension and its complications","volume":"37","author":"Peck-Radosavljevic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26279","article-title":"Carvedilol for preventing recurrent variceal bleeding: waiting for convincing evidence","volume":"57","author":"Bosch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300124","article-title":"Carvedilol, a new\u00a0nonselective beta-blocker with intrinsic anti-alpha1-adrenergic activity, has a greater portal hypotensive effect than propranolol in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"30","author":"Ba\u00f1ares","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322712","article-title":"Amelioration of systemic inflammation in advanced chronic liver disease upon beta-blocker therapy translates into improved clinical outcomes","volume":"70","author":"Jachs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.07.012","article-title":"Decreasing VWF-levels upon NSBB-therapy indicate a decreased risk of further decompensation, ACLF, and death","volume":"20","author":"Jachs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00829-6","article-title":"Adrenergic regulation of immune cell function and inflammation","volume":"42","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib27","article-title":"Trends and the course of liver cirrhosis and its complications in Germany: nationwide population-based study (2005 to 2018)","volume":"12","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.05.011","article-title":"Prevention of rebleeding from esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis receiving small-diameter stents versus hemodynamically controlled medical therapy","volume":"149","author":"Sauerbruch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474144","article-title":"A\u00a0proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk","volume":"94","author":"Fine","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-304038","article-title":"Carvedilol for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with haemodynamic non-response to propranolol","volume":"62","author":"Reiberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356522006425?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356522006425?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:44:32Z","timestamp":1761543872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356522006425"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356522006425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Carvedilol Achieves Higher Hemodynamic Response and Lower Rebleeding Rates Than Propranolol in Secondary Prophylaxis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 by the AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}