{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:30:18Z","timestamp":1792020618798,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007054","name":"Meso Scale Diagnostics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008373","name":"Takeda Pharmaceutical Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008373","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008497","name":"Boston Scientific Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008497","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008897","name":"Janssen Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005614","name":"Biogen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005614","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001732","name":"Danmarks Grundforskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DNRF148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DNRF148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004337","name":"Roche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002424","name":"Fujifilm Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002424","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004914","name":"Ferring Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011218","name":"Sandoz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011218","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017530","name":"Fresenius Kabi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DK117058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK117058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03DK129631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03DK129631"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,6]],"date-time":"2022-08-06T19:22:11Z","timestamp":1659813731000},"page":"907-921.e2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Comparative Risk of Serious Infections With Biologic Agents and Oral Small Molecules in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Virginia","family":"Solitano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Facciorusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine","family":"Jess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Repici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vipul","family":"Jairath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Armuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2640-7269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siddharth","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1907607","article-title":"Newer biologic and small-molecule therapies for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"385","author":"Baumgart","year":"2021","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1905725","article-title":"Vedolizumab versus adalimumab for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis","volume":"381","author":"Sands","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S001","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab075.001","article-title":"Ustekinumab versus adalimumab for induction and maintenance therapy in moderate-to-severe Crohn\u2019s disease: the SEAVUE study","volume":"15","author":"Irving","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.01.008","article-title":"First- and second-line pharmacotherapies for patients with moderate to severely active ulcerative colitis: an updated network meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00312-5","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of biologic therapies for moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.04.006","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and rapidity of action for infliximab vs ustekinumab in biologic naive Crohn's disease","volume":"20","author":"Narula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib7","first-page":"12","article-title":"Comparative risk of serious infections with biologic and\/or immunosuppressive therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.04.022","article-title":"AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the medical management of moderate to severe luminal and perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease","volume":"160","author":"Feuerstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.006","article-title":"AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis","volume":"158","author":"Feuerstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W65","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00136","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"151","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib11","author":"Wells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7304.101","article-title":"Systematic reviews in health care: investigating and dealing with publication and other biases in meta-analysis","volume":"323","author":"Sterne","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15177","article-title":"Comparative safety and effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists and vedolizumab in elderly IBD patients: a multicentre study","volume":"49","author":"Adar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15706","article-title":"The effectiveness of either ustekinumab or vedolizumab in 239 patients with Crohn's disease refractory to anti-tumour necrosis factor","volume":"51","author":"Alric","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15745","article-title":"Ustekinumab is associated with superior effectiveness outcomes compared to vedolizumab in Crohn's disease patients with prior failure to anti-TNF treatment","volume":"52","author":"Biemans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15921","article-title":"Comparative safety and effectiveness of vedolizumab to tumour necrosis factor antagonist therapy for Crohn's disease","volume":"52","author":"Bohm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab058","article-title":"Vedolizumab and anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha real-world outcomes in biologic-naive inflammatory bowel disease patients: results from the EVOLVE study","volume":"15","author":"Bressler","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.013","article-title":"Risk of infections with ustekinumab and tofacitinib compared to tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 antagonists in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"20","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15680","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of vedolizumab and infliximab in ulcerative colitis after failure of a first subcutaneous anti-TNF agent: a multicentre cohort study","volume":"51","author":"Hupe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e574","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002166","article-title":"Infectious risk of vedolizumab compared with other biological agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"33","author":"Innocenti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.12.030","article-title":"Risk of serious infections with vedolizumab versus tumor necrosis factor antagonists in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"20","author":"Kirchgesner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.08.047","article-title":"Vedolizumab is associated with a lower risk of serious infections than anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in older adults","volume":"20","author":"Kochar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.10.003","article-title":"Comparative safety and effectiveness of vedolizumab to tumor necrosis factor antagonist therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"20","author":"Lukin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab257","article-title":"Translating results from VARSITY to real world: adalimumab vs vedolizumab as first-line biological in moderate to severe IBD","volume":"28","author":"Moens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-021-07129-5","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of vedolizumab versus tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists in an elderly IBD population: a single institution retrospective experience","volume":"67","author":"Pabla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16193","article-title":"Drug survival of anti-TNF agents compared with vedolizumab as a second-line biological\u00a0treatment in inflammatory bowel disease: results from nationwide Swedish registers","volume":"53","author":"Rundquist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.02.032","article-title":"Comparative risk of serious infections with tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists vs vedolizumab in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"20","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib30","unstructured":"Singh S, Kim J, Luo J, et al. Comparative safety and effectiveness of biologic therapy for Crohn\u2019s disease: a CA-IBD cohort study. 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib31","unstructured":"Singh S Kim J, Luo J, et al. Comparative safety and effectiveness of biologic therapy for ulcerative colitis: a CA-IBD cohort study. 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib32","unstructured":"Singh S, Iversen AT, Allin KH, Jess T. Comparative outcomes and safety of vedolizumab vs tumor necrosis factor antagonists in for older adults with inflammatory bowel diseases. Accepted for publication in JAMA Network Open, in Press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2019.1646127","article-title":"Overall and comparative safety of biologic and immunosuppressive therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"15","author":"Holmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307127","article-title":"Vedolizumab affects antibody responses to immunisation selectively in the gastrointestinal tract: randomised controlled trial results","volume":"64","author":"Wyant","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28517-z","article-title":"Antibody decay, T cell immunity and breakthrough infections following two SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with infliximab and vedolizumab","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.151043","article-title":"Treatment benefit or survival of the fittest: what drives the time-dependent decrease in serious infection rates under TNF inhibition and what does this imply for the individual patient?","volume":"70","author":"Strangfeld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00005-X","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody responses in immunosuppressed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (VIP): a multicentre, prospective, case-control study","volume":"7","author":"Alexander","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.0718","article-title":"Risk of serious infection with biologic and systemic treatment of psoriasis: results from the Psoriasis Longitudinal Assessment and Registry (PSOLAR)","volume":"151","author":"Kalb","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16714","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: the effectiveness of either ustekinumab or vedolizumab in patients with Crohn's disease refractory to anti-tumour necrosis factor","volume":"55","author":"Parrot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356522007327?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356522007327?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:42:20Z","timestamp":1761543740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356522007327"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356522007327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative Risk of Serious Infections With Biologic Agents and Oral Small Molecules in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.032","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 by the AGA Institute","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}