{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:56:59Z","timestamp":1792083419581,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]],"date-time":"2023-04-30T09:34:21Z","timestamp":1682847261000},"page":"3305-3313.e4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Utilization of Antiviral Therapy for Patients With Hepatitis B\u2013Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nationwide Real-World US Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sahith","family":"Kudaravalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie Y.","family":"Kam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Q.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramsey","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6275-4989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mindie H.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.6987","article-title":"Cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years for 29 cancer groups from 2010 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"8","author":"Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1713263","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"380","author":"Villanueva","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e180","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30488-7","article-title":"Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018: a worldwide incidence analysis","volume":"8","author":"de Martel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25937","article-title":"Prevention of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma with antiviral therapy","volume":"57","author":"Lai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa033364","article-title":"Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease","volume":"351","author":"Liaw","year":"2004","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1159\/000337293","article-title":"A\u00a0critical evaluation of the preventive effect of antiviral therapy on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C or B: a novel approach by using meta-regression","volume":"82","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3860","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i13.3860","article-title":"Antiviral therapies for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib8","article-title":"Increasing antiviral treatment uptake improves survival in patients with HBV-related HCC","volume":"2","author":"Hui","year":"2020","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3647","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.48.5896","article-title":"Effect of antiviral treatment with nucleotide\/nucleoside analogs on postoperative prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a two-stage longitudinal clinical study","volume":"31","author":"Yin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04634.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis: the efficacy of anti-viral therapy in prevention of recurrence after curative treatment of chronic hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"33","author":"Wong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12554","article-title":"Role of lamivudine with transarterial chemoembolization in the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12910","article-title":"Antiviral therapy in the improvement of survival of patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12805","article-title":"A\u00a0high baseline HBV load and antiviral therapy affect the survival of patients with advanced HBV-related HCC treated with sorafenib","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14801","article-title":"Anti-viral therapy is associated with improved survival but is underutilised in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: real-world east and west experience","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.1844","article-title":"Diagnosis rates of chronic hepatitis B in privately insured patients in the United States","volume":"3","author":"Ogawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28156","article-title":"AASLD guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"63","author":"Terrault","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021","article-title":"EASL 2017 clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"67","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-20-1088","article-title":"Disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence, stage, and survival: a large population-based study","volume":"30","author":"Flores","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.031","article-title":"Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in treatment delay among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States","volume":"21","author":"Wagle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7347","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4223","article-title":"Association between socioeconomic status and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1795","article-title":"Therapeutic underuse and delay in hepatocellular carcinoma: prevalence, associated factors, and clinical impact","volume":"6","author":"Govalan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29800","article-title":"Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance","volume":"67","author":"Terrault","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.45424","article-title":"Characteristics and treatment rate of patients with hepatitis C virus infection in the direct-acting antiviral era and during the covid-19 pandemic in the United States","volume":"5","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30307-1","article-title":"Estimating the proportion of people with chronic hepatitis B virus infection eligible for hepatitis B antiviral treatment worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30391-5","article-title":"Treatment eligibility in hepatitis B: a call for better linkage to optimal care","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.10.012","article-title":"Poor adherence to guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection at primary care and referral practices","volume":"17","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30831","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B prevalence among foreign-born and U.S.-born adults in the United States, 1999\u20132016","volume":"71","author":"Le","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13060","article-title":"Awareness of chronic viral hepatitis in the United States: an update from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.05.047","article-title":"Gaps in viral hepatitis awareness in the United States in a population-based study","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23190","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009","volume":"50","author":"Lok","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib31","first-page":"150","article-title":"AASLD (American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases). AASLD practice guidelines. Hepatita cronic\u0103 B: actualizarea recomand\u0103rilor terapeutice [AASLD practice guidelines. Chronic hepatitis B: update of therapeutic guidelines]","volume":"13","author":"Lok","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rom J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.07.007","article-title":"A\u00a0treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: 2015 update","volume":"13","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(03)00312-4","article-title":"A\u00a0treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States","volume":"2","author":"Keeffe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.05.016","article-title":"A\u00a0treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: an update","volume":"4","author":"Keeffe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.08.021","article-title":"A\u00a0treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: 2008 update","volume":"6","author":"Keeffe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib36","series-title":"Committee on the Consequences of Uninsurance. Care without coverage: too little, too late","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12584","article-title":"Adjuvant antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1001\/2012.jama.11975","article-title":"Association between nucleoside analogues and risk of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence following liver resection","volume":"308","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002727","article-title":"Antiviral therapy reduces hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in patients with low HBV-DNA levels: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"268","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.014","article-title":"Comparable efficacy between ongoing versus initiation of antiviral therapy at treatment for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356523003208?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356523003208?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:40:51Z","timestamp":1761543651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356523003208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356523003208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Utilization of Antiviral Therapy for Patients With Hepatitis B\u2013Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nationwide Real-World US Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 by the AGA Institute","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}