{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:15:53Z","timestamp":1791875753733,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T12:30:46Z","timestamp":1683549046000},"page":"3322-3335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Fibrosis-4 Index Predicts Long-Term All-Cause, Cardiovascular and Liver-Related Mortality in the Adult Korean Population"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8294-1741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Gyun","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stergios A.","family":"Polyzos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Hee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3755-8158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos S.","family":"Mantzoros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10143-4","article-title":"The epidemiology of NAFLD and lean NAFLD in Japan: a meta-analysis with individual and forecasting analysis, 1995-2040","volume":"15","author":"Ito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.12.009","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty future disease","volume":"65","author":"Polyzos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib3","article-title":"Current and emerging pharmacological options for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"111S","author":"Polyzos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16575","article-title":"Review article: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases: associations and treatment considerations","volume":"54","author":"Polyzos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.5370","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review","volume":"313","author":"Rinella","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.11.010","article-title":"Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and emerging treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"52","author":"Makri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00308-3","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Mantovani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29085","article-title":"Increased risk of mortality by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Dulai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.043","article-title":"Association between fibrosis stage and outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"158","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt228","article-title":"Data resource profile: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)","volume":"43","author":"Kweon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.216077","article-title":"Simple non-invasive fibrosis scoring systems can reliably exclude advanced fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"59","author":"McPherson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.453","article-title":"Age as a confounding factor for the accurate non-invasive diagnosis of advanced NAFLD fibrosis","volume":"112","author":"McPherson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2016.31.8.1181","article-title":"Forecasting cause-specific mortality in Korea up to year 2032","volume":"31","author":"Yun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2022021","article-title":"The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data linked Cause of Death data","volume":"44","author":"Yun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaa277","article-title":"Machine-learning model to predict the cause of death using a stacking ensemble method for observational data","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13278-7","article-title":"Changes in the rankings of leading causes of death in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan from 1998 to 2018: a comparison of three ranking lists","volume":"22","author":"Tai","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp130492","article-title":"Implications of using Cockcroft-Gault and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equations to estimate renal function in ethnic Korean patients","volume":"71","author":"Sohn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.004","volume":"64","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.11.030","article-title":"Accuracy of noninvasive scoring systems in assessing risk of death and liver-related endpoints in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"17","author":"Hagstr\u00f6m","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2019.1583366","article-title":"Non-invasive fibrosis scoring systems can predict future metabolic complications and overall mortality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"54","author":"\u00d6nnerhag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.06.057","article-title":"Simple noninvasive systems predict long-term outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"145","author":"Angulo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202393","article-title":"Noninvasive scoring systems predict hepatic and extra-hepatic cancers in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Peleg","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26156","article-title":"Association between noninvasive fibrosis markers and mortality among adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States","volume":"57","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29113","article-title":"Liver fibrosis scores predict liver disease mortality in the United States population","volume":"66","author":"Unalp-Arida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.09.008","article-title":"Ability of noninvasive scoring systems to identify individuals in the population at risk for severe liver disease","volume":"158","author":"Hagstr\u00f6m","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277729","article-title":"Association of liver fibrosis biomarkers with overall and CVD mortality in the Korean population: the Dong-gu study","volume":"17","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14669","article-title":"Prognostic accuracy of FIB-4, NAFLD fibrosis score and APRI for NAFLD-related events: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v6.i5.274","article-title":"Gender and racial differences in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"6","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2016.10.004","article-title":"Sex differences in the impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"27","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib32","first-page":"2855","article-title":"Age, gender and geographic differences in global health burden of cirrhosis and liver cancer due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-022-00369-8","article-title":"Menopausal hormone therapy in women with dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"21","author":"Polyzos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hormones (Athens)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.07.049","article-title":"Clinical care pathway for the risk stratification and management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"161","author":"Kanwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2013.10.010","article-title":"Necessity for timely noninvasive diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"63","author":"Polyzos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12647","article-title":"Comparison of FIB-4 index, NAFLD fibrosis score and BARD score for prediction of advanced fibrosis in adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis study","volume":"46","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.23736\/S0391-1977.16.02563-3","article-title":"Adipose tissue, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"42","author":"Polyzos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib38","first-page":"193","article-title":"Insulin resistance: the clinical spectrum","volume":"6","author":"Mantzoros","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.9.5143","article-title":"Clinical review 97: syndromes of severe insulin resistance","volume":"83","author":"Tritos","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356523003269?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356523003269?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:41:53Z","timestamp":1761543713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356523003269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356523003269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fibrosis-4 Index Predicts Long-Term All-Cause, Cardiovascular and Liver-Related Mortality in the Adult Korean Population","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the AGA Institute","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}