{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:41:48Z","timestamp":1791841308410,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":354,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010637","name":"Huntsman Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21AI139438-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21AI139438-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020125","name":"Baylor Scott and White Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007747","name":"University of Utah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010573","name":"Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Utah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010573","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008523","name":"Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Illinois at Chicago","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008523","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T12:52:20Z","timestamp":1687956740000},"page":"34-41.e2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Achalasia is Strongly Associated With Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Other Allergic Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Chanakyaram A.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Allen-Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amiko M.","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandrina M.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhonda F.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5635-5386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart J.","family":"Spechler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.2996","article-title":"Achalasia: a systematic review","volume":"313","author":"Pandolfino","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60651-0","volume":"383","author":"Boeckxstaens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Achalasia. Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01511.x","article-title":"Achalasia: incidence, prevalence and survival. A population-based study","volume":"22","author":"Sadowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.08.030","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of achalasia in central Chicago, 2004-2014, since the widespread use of high-resolution manometry","volume":"15","author":"Samo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib5","series-title":"WAO White Book on Allergy: update 2013 Executive Summary","author":"Pawankar","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.06.067","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"154","author":"Dellon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.07.009","article-title":"Updated international consensus diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic esophagitis: proceedings of the AGREE Conference","volume":"155","author":"Dellon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-018-0287-0","article-title":"Eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"14","author":"Carr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0240-3","article-title":"Can eosinophilic esophagitis cause achalasia and other esophageal motility disorders?","volume":"113","author":"Spechler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.01.003","article-title":"Systematic review: esophageal motility patterns in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"54","author":"Visaggi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.07.056","article-title":"Achalasia and obstructive motor disorders are not uncommon in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"19","author":"Ghisa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-009-9248-6","article-title":"Disturbances of esophageal motility in eosinophilic esophagitis: a case series","volume":"25","author":"Hejazi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.08.002","article-title":"Achalasia with dense eosinophilic infiltrate responds to steroid therapy","volume":"9","author":"Savarino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12753","article-title":"High-resolution manometry in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis under topical steroid therapy-a prospective observational study (HIMEOS-study)","volume":"28","author":"Nennstiel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001006","article-title":"Achalasia is associated with atopy in patients younger than 40 years of age","volume":"116","author":"King","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.051","article-title":"T-helper 2 cytokines, transforming growth factor beta1, and eosinophil products induce fibrogenesis and alter muscle motility in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"146","author":"Rieder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3341","article-title":"Eosinophils: changing perspectives in health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.08.050","article-title":"Mast cells infiltrate the esophageal smooth muscle in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, express TGF-\u03b21, and increase esophageal smooth muscle contraction","volume":"126","author":"Aceves","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-071719-094903","article-title":"Mast cells in inflammation and disease: recent progress and ongoing concerns","volume":"38","author":"Galli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G319","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00290.2020","article-title":"Mast cell effects on esophageal smooth muscle and their potential role in eosinophilic esophagitis and achalasia","volume":"320","author":"Nelson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.44.020193.000505","article-title":"The biology of the eosinophilic leukocyte","volume":"44","author":"Gleich","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3690","article-title":"Mast cell secretory granules: armed for battle","volume":"14","author":"Wernersson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14055","article-title":"Lower esophageal sphincter muscle of patients with achalasia exhibits profound mast cell degranulation","volume":"33","author":"Nelson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib24","first-page":"491","article-title":"Achalasia of the cardia: so-called cardiospasm","volume":"23","author":"Hurst","year":"1930","journal-title":"Q\u00a0J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14312","article-title":"Autoimmune and viral risk factors are associated with achalasia: a case-control study","volume":"34","author":"Gaber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013242831900","article-title":"Myenteric antiplexus antibodies and class II HLA in achalasia","volume":"47","author":"Ruiz-de-Le\u00f3n","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13839","article-title":"Autoimmune comorbidity in achalasia patients","volume":"33","author":"Romero-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199404000-00001","article-title":"Achalasia. A morphologic study of 42 resected specimens","volume":"18","author":"Goldblum","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib29","first-page":"1033","article-title":"Autoantibodies to Auerbach's plexus in achalasia","volume":"41","author":"Storch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018805600276","article-title":"Achalasia is not associated with measles or known herpes and human papilloma viruses","volume":"42","author":"Birgisson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181bc9ebf","article-title":"An immunohistochemical study of the myenteric plexus in idiopathic achalasia","volume":"44","author":"Villanacci","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12711","article-title":"Histopathologic patterns among achalasia subtypes","volume":"28","author":"Sodikoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.5.629","article-title":"Antineuronal antibodies in idiopathic achalasia and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease","volume":"52","author":"Moses","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2165\/11319290-000000000-00000","article-title":"Contact dermatitis in older adults: a review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Prakash","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02082.x","article-title":"Effector and regulatory mechanisms in allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"64","author":"Vocanson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.12.1563","article-title":"The cutaneous innate immune response in patients with atopic dermatitis","volume":"131","author":"Kuo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.119917","article-title":"Idiopathic eosinophilic esophagitis is associated with a T(H)2-type allergic inflammatory response","volume":"108","author":"Straumann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2012.01385.x","article-title":"Pattern of esophageal eosinophilic infiltration in patients with achalasia and response to Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication","volume":"26","author":"Cools-Lartigue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-311016","article-title":"Treating achalasia; more than just flipping a coin","volume":"65","author":"Kahrilas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1159\/000112368","article-title":"Utah family-based analysis: past, present and future","volume":"65","author":"Cannon Albright","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Hered"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib41","first-page":"836","article-title":"Genetic distances between the Utah Mormons and related populations","volume":"36","author":"McLellan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1989.tb01803.x","article-title":"Inbreeding in the Utah Mormons: an evaluation of estimates based on pedigrees, isonymy, and migration matrices","volume":"53","author":"Jorde","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.185","article-title":"Risk of autoimmunity in EoE and families: a population-based cohort study","volume":"111","author":"Peterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013_bib44","first-page":"119","article-title":"Approximate is better than \"exact\" for interval estimation of binomial proportions","volume":"52","author":"Agresti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Stat"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356523004986?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356523004986?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:43:57Z","timestamp":1761543837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356523004986"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356523004986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Achalasia is Strongly Associated With Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Other Allergic Disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.06.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 by the AGA Institute","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}