{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:54:53Z","timestamp":1787990093470,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":357,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08CA259534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08CA259534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 CA283935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA283935"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T16:04:36Z","timestamp":1734365076000},"page":"1346-1355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Global Trend of MASH-associated Liver Cancer: A Systematic Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease 2021"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Pojsakorn","family":"Danpanichkul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanokphong","family":"Suparan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuthatip","family":"Kaeosri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pimtawan","family":"Jatupornpakdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelrahman M.","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanathip","family":"Suenghataiphorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerapas","family":"Thongpiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banthoon","family":"Sukphutanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Q.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazen","family":"Noureddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit G.","family":"Singal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karn","family":"Wijarnpreecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7834-9825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju Dong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-024-00938-9","article-title":"Envisioning how to advance the MASH field","volume":"21","author":"Allen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000004","article-title":"The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Younossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.05.019","article-title":"NASH is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplant candidates","volume":"22","author":"Koh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30254","article-title":"Burden of illness and economic model for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States","volume":"69","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.015","article-title":"Mechanisms and disease consequences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"184","author":"Loomba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.025","article-title":"Epidemiology and surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: new trends","volume":"72","author":"Singal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.021","article-title":"Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040","volume":"77","author":"Rumgay","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0186-y","article-title":"A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma: trends, risk, prevention and management","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00754-7","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma: pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"20","author":"Llovet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00381-6","article-title":"Global epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28123","article-title":"Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States from 2004 to 2009","volume":"62","author":"Younossi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.12.025","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in premenopausal women: global trends and projections to 2040","volume":"99","author":"Danpanichkul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2017.08.004","article-title":"Obesity as a disease","volume":"102","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000872","article-title":"Incidence of liver cancer in young adults according to the Global Burden of Disease database 2019","volume":"80","author":"Danpanichkul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-333227","article-title":"Epidemiology of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"74","author":"Danpanichkul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00367-2","article-title":"Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-022-00885-y","article-title":"Global burden of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related liver cancer, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the GBD 2019","volume":"14","author":"Pang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.05.003","article-title":"Changing global epidemiology of liver cancer from 2010 to 2019: NASH is the fastest growing cause of liver cancer","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0812-z","article-title":"The global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Saklayen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.02.003","article-title":"The global burden of metabolic disease: data from 2000 to 2019","volume":"35","author":"Chew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11020073","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Mantovani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/10742484221146371","volume":"27","author":"Muzurovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.04.029","article-title":"Association of GLP-1 receptor agonists and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence and hepatic decompensation in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"167","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330962","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of major adverse liver outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"73","author":"Wester","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.03.010","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States","volume":"21","author":"Karim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz212","article-title":"Food insecurity may be an independent risk factor associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among low-income adults in the United States","volume":"150","author":"Golovaty","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-022-01256-1","article-title":"Why food insecurity persists in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of existing evidence","volume":"14","author":"Bjornlund","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Secur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15244-3","article-title":"The impact of food insecurity on health outcomes: empirical evidence from sub-Saharan African countries","volume":"23","author":"Beyene","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-024-00959-4","article-title":"Food inequity and insecurity and MASLD: burden, challenges, and interventions","volume":"21","author":"Zelber-Sagi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-018-0229-7","article-title":"A review of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV-infected patients: the next big thing?","volume":"8","author":"van Welzen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3399566","article-title":"Epidemiology of liver cancer in Africa: current and future trends","volume":"40","author":"Okeke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2021.01.012","article-title":"Noninvasive evaluation for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"43","author":"Kogachi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.08.012","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk-stratification of NAFLD-associated HCC","volume":"75","author":"Ioannou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.01.040","article-title":"PNPLA3 genotype and diabetes identify patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease at high risk of incident cirrhosis","volume":"164","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000441","article-title":"PNPLA3 risk allele is associated with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma but not decompensation in compensated cirrhosis","volume":"8","author":"Urias","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib36","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women - current knowledge and emerging concepts","volume":"5","author":"Eng","year":"2023","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32758","article-title":"Global burden of liver cancer in males and females: changing etiological basis and the growing contribution of NASH","volume":"77","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26761","article-title":"Gender and menopause impact severity of fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"59","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15917","article-title":"Sex disparities in presentation and prognosis of 1110 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"52","author":"Rich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib40","first-page":"45","article-title":"Women live longer than men","volume":"114","author":"Ginter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000432","article-title":"Duration of type 2 diabetes and liver-related events in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a landmark analysis","volume":"78","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa134","article-title":"NAFLD and NASH in postmenopausal women: implications for diagnosis and treatment","volume":"161","author":"DiStefano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101673","article-title":"Stark differences in cancer epidemiological data between GLOBOCAN and GBD: emphasis on oral cancer and wider implications","volume":"54","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16726","article-title":"Mortality outcomes in individuals with MASLD versus MASLD and increased alcohol intake","volume":"39","author":"Aboona","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.06.012","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mortality may not be decreasing: a need for careful interpretation of GBD 2019 estimates of liver deaths","volume":"35","author":"Paik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002819","article-title":"The burden of overweight and obesity-associated gastrointestinal cancers in low and lower-middle-income countries: a Global Burden of Disease 2019 analysis","volume":"119","author":"Danpanichkul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155744","article-title":"Rising global burden of cancer attributable to high BMI from 2010 to 2019","volume":"152","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10281-9","article-title":"The association between metabolic risk factors, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and the incidence of liver cancer: a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356524010796?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542356524010796?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T03:31:02Z","timestamp":1750649462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542356524010796"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542356524010796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Global Trend of MASH-associated Liver Cancer: A Systematic Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease 2021","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the AGA Institute","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}