{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:15:49Z","timestamp":1792451749675,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cghjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T02:23:27Z","timestamp":1775096607000},"page":"2839-2851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["American Gastroenterological Association-North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Pediatric Functional Constipation Clinical Care Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7128-6048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonel","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lusine","family":"Ambartsumyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Di Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada M.","family":"Fenick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose M.","family":"Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Kaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Khlevner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Nurko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Saps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Shotwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggie","family":"Stoeckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Camilleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.02.029","article-title":"Prevalence of functional defecation disorders in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"198","author":"Koppen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F465","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300539","article-title":"The defecation pattern of healthy term infants up to the age of 3 months","volume":"97","author":"den Hertog","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib3","first-page":"637","article-title":"Bowel habit from birth to old age","volume":"7","author":"Weaver","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2014.5218","article-title":"Defecation patterns of the infants mainly breastfed from birth till the 12th month: prospective cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Camurdan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.09.020","article-title":"Breastfeeding initiation and duration and child health outcomes in the first baby study","volume":"118","author":"Pattison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12240","article-title":"Infant formulas for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders: a position paper of the ESPGHAN Nutrition Committee","volume":"79","author":"Haiden","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.2004.tb00890.x","article-title":"Childhood constipation: is there new light in the tunnel?","volume":"39","author":"Benninga","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.016","article-title":"Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: neonate\/toddler","author":"Benninga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1210","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1580","article-title":"Association of constipation and fecal incontinence with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"132","author":"McKeown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1120728","article-title":"Questionnaire-based analysis of autism spectrum disorders and gastrointestinal symptoms in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Gan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/111841","article-title":"How common is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a cohort of children with functional constipation, and does ADHD treatment improve functional constipation?","volume":"19","author":"Bazmamoun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/1093526619892351","article-title":"Diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease","volume":"23","author":"Ambartsumyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000266","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: evidence-based recommendations from ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN","volume":"58","author":"Tabbers","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.06.026","article-title":"Incidence of spinal cord lesions in patients with intractable constipation","volume":"145","author":"Rosen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.09.048","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine in children with chronic constipation or non-retentive fecal incontinence: a prospective study","volume":"156","author":"Bekkali","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.12.045","article-title":"Value of abdominal radiography, colonic transit time, and rectal ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of idiopathic constipation in children: a systematic review","volume":"161","author":"Berger","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib17","first-page":"S30","article-title":"Testing in functional constipation-what's new and what works","volume":"60","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-016-3746-0","article-title":"Assessing colonic anatomy normal values based on air contrast enemas in children younger than 6 years","volume":"47","author":"Koppen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12944","article-title":"An ANMS-NASPGHAN consensus document on anorectal and colonic manometry in children","volume":"29","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31822504e2","article-title":"Anorectal manometry may identify children with spinal cord lesions","volume":"53","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E9","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.1.e9","article-title":"The effect of anorectal manometry on the outcome of treatment in severe childhood constipation: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"108","author":"van Ginkel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002978","article-title":"Evaluation of fecal incontinence in pediatric functional constipation: clinical utility of anorectal and colon manometry","volume":"72","author":"Morera","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002504","article-title":"Utility of colon manometry in guiding therapy and predicting need for surgery in children with defecation disorders","volume":"70","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.5.985","article-title":"A new recommendation for dietary fiber in childhood","volume":"96","author":"Williams","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2017.01.005","article-title":"Water and fluid intake in the prevention and treatment of functional constipation in children and adolescents: is there evidence?","volume":"93","author":"Boilesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/00001610-199807000-00002","article-title":"Increasing oral fluids in chronic constipation in children","volume":"21","author":"Young","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib27","series-title":"Healthy eating research, consensus statement","article-title":"Healthy beverage consumption in early childhood: recommendations from key national health and nutrition organizations","author":"Lott","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001931","article-title":"Prune juice containing sorbitol, pectin, and polyphenol ameliorates subjective complaints and hard feces while normalizing stool in chronic constipation: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"117","author":"Koyama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/20014091091814","article-title":"Chemical composition and potential health effects of prunes: a functional food?","volume":"41","author":"Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001222","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of over-the-counter therapies for chronic constipation: an updated systematic review","volume":"116","author":"Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2021.102711","article-title":"Non-pharmacologic approach to pediatric constipation","volume":"59","author":"Santucci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib32","article-title":"Probiotics for treatment of chronic constipation in children","volume":"3","author":"Wallace","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib33","first-page":"378","article-title":"Treatment of childhood encopresis: a randomized trial comparing three treatment protocols","volume":"34","author":"Borowitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1334","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2402","article-title":"Behavioral therapy for childhood constipation: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"121","author":"van Dijk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2024-003085","article-title":"Faecal impaction in children aged 0-18 years: a systematic review and metanarrative analysis of definitions used","volume":"9","author":"Gordon","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-014-0404-2","article-title":"Fecal impaction","volume":"16","author":"Hussain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0537","article-title":"Treatment of childhood constipation by primary care physicians: efficacy and predictors of outcome","volume":"115","author":"Borowitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2025-003483","article-title":"Systematic literature review and meta-analysis on therapeutic management of faecal impaction in the paediatric population","volume":"9","author":"Gordon","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.126603","article-title":"Dose response of PEG 3350 for the treatment of childhood fecal impaction","volume":"141","author":"Youssef","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1108","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0022","article-title":"Rectal fecal impaction treatment in childhood constipation: enemas versus high doses oral PEG","volume":"124","author":"Bekkali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib41","first-page":"S20","article-title":"Review article: functional constipation: pathophysiology, evaluation and management","volume":"60 Suppl 1","author":"Kilgore","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib42","first-page":"197","article-title":"Polyethylene glycol for constipation in children younger than eighteen months old","volume":"39","author":"Michail","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003074","article-title":"Utilisation and safety of polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes in children under 2 years: a retrospective cohort","volume":"72","author":"Roy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.01.002","article-title":"Are Senna based laxatives safe when used as long term treatment for constipation in children?","volume":"53","author":"Vilanova-Sanchez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib45","article-title":"Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation","volume":"2016","author":"Gordon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14754","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying the laxative effect of lactulose: a randomized placebo-controlled trial showing increased small bowel water and motility unaltered by the 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist, ondansetron","volume":"36","author":"Gunn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13311","article-title":"bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-pyridyl-2-methane (BHPM)-the active metabolite of the laxatives bisacodyl and sodium picosulfate-enhances contractility and secretion in human intestine in vitro","volume":"30","author":"Krueger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14123","article-title":"Bisacodyl: a review of pharmacology and clinical evidence to guide use in clinical practice in patients with constipation","volume":"33","author":"Corsetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.04.005","article-title":"Lubiprostone for pediatric functional constipation: randomized, controlled, double-blind study with long-term extension","volume":"20","author":"Benninga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00398-9","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of linaclotide in treating functional constipation in paediatric patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial","volume":"9","author":"Di Lorenzo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318292f9ea","article-title":"Oral prucalopride in children with functional constipation","volume":"57","author":"Winter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.09.005","article-title":"Prucalopride is no more effective than placebo for children with functional constipation","volume":"147","author":"Mugie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12200","article-title":"Transanal irrigation in children with functional constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Bolia","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.07.063","article-title":"Daily transabdominal electrical stimulation at home increased defecation in children with slow-transit constipation: a pilot study","volume":"44","author":"Ismail","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04798-w","article-title":"Efficacy of transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation in functional constipation","volume":"182","author":"Velasco-Benitez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2020.06.044","article-title":"Can botulinum toxin help in managing children with functional constipation and obstructed defecation?","volume":"56","author":"Radwan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.12.007","article-title":"Botulinum toxin injection for childhood constipation is safe and can be effective regardless of anal sphincter dynamics","volume":"53","author":"Zar-Kessler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2006.12.045","article-title":"Botulinum toxin, a new treatment modality for chronic idiopathic constipation in children: long-term follow-up of a double-blind randomized trial","volume":"42","author":"Keshtgar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.10.034","article-title":"Antegrade colonic enemas and intestinal diversion are highly effective in the management of children with intractable constipation","volume":"45","author":"Christison-Lagay","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2206-6508","article-title":"Antegrade continence enema alone for the management of functional constipation and segmental colonic dysmotility (ACE-FC): a Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Learning Consortium Study","volume":"34","author":"Ahmad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140-e81","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12018","article-title":"Factors associated with successful decrease and discontinuation of antegrade continence enemas (ACE) in children with defecation disorders: a study evaluating the effect of ACE on colon motility","volume":"25","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2008.11.061","article-title":"Antegrade enemas for defecation disorders: do they improve the colonic motility?","volume":"44","author":"Aspirot","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2022.04.008","article-title":"The presence of a neurodiverse disorder is associated with increased use of antegrade enema therapy in children with severe constipation: a study from the Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Learning Consortium (PCPLC)","volume":"57","author":"Short","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12390","article-title":"Evaluation and management of pediatric refractory constipation: recommendations from the NASPGHAN neurogastroenterology and motility committee","volume":"80","author":"Kilgore","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib65","first-page":"588","article-title":"Colonic diversion for intractable constipation in children: colonic manometry helps guide clinical decisions","volume":"33","author":"Villarreal","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.10.046","article-title":"Surgically treated intractable constipation in children evaluated with colonic manometry","volume":"55","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13005","article-title":"Surgical management of children with intractable functional constipation; experience of a single tertiary children's hospital","volume":"29","author":"Kuizenga-Wessel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003579","article-title":"Diverting ileostomy in children with functional constipation: a study evaluating the utility of colon manometry","volume":"75","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000724","article-title":"Indications and technical aspects of internal anal sphincterotomy: highlighting the controversies","volume":"60","author":"Emile","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib70","first-page":"S55","article-title":"Long-term follow-up and course of life in children with constipation","volume":"53","author":"Bongers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181e67058","article-title":"Direct medical costs of constipation from childhood to early adulthood: a population-based birth cohort study","volume":"52","author":"Choung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12354","article-title":"Harmonization is key for transition of care","volume":"79","author":"Saps","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14869","article-title":"Pediatric to adult transition care in neurogastroenterology and motility: a position paper from the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society and European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility","volume":"36","author":"Butt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"}],"container-title":["Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S154235652600159X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S154235652600159X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:42:08Z","timestamp":1790066528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S154235652600159X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S154235652600159X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"American Gastroenterological Association-North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Pediatric Functional Constipation Clinical Care Pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2026.03.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Gastroenterological Association Institute.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}